As climate change accelerates and CO2 emission reductions alone prove insufficient to meet climate targets, carbon removal has become essential for tackling hard-to-abate emissions. However, deploying carbon removal at scale presents a critical challenge for governments: How can they ensure it is both effective and affordable enough to secure public support? We show that this public support challenge can be overcome if carbon removal practices are deployed in combination with regulations that enhance the durability of CO2 removal , even if these regulations increase costs.
From the Burren in Ireland and the Erins in France to the Alps in Switzerland, grasslands are vital ecosystems that play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, providing ecosystem services, and ensuring food security. These vast and diverse grasslands are just a few of the many that cover around 17% of the European Union’s total surface area, as of 2018 (EUROSTAT 2021). Grasslands are among the most species-rich habitats on Earth (Petermann and Buzhdygan), home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, and are essential breeding grounds for birds and invertebrates. In addition, they provide numerous ecosystem services such as water purification, soil erosion prevention and carbon sequestration. Grasslands contain various species of forage grasses, crucial for feeding livestock. Forage grasses, such as Lolium spp. and Festuca spp. are valuable, environment-friendly sources of livestock feed. However, frequent and unpredictable droughts have threatened forage grass yields, posing significant challenges to farmers and livestock managers.
From the Burren in Ireland and the Erins in France to the Alps in Switzerland, grasslands are vital ecosystems that play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, providing ecosystem services, and ensuring food security. These vast and diverse grasslands are just a few of the many that cover around 17% of the European Union’s total surface area, as of 2018 (EUROSTAT 2021). Grasslands are among the most species-rich habitats on Earth (Petermann and Buzhdygan), home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, and are essential breeding grounds for birds and invertebrates. In addition, they provide numerous ecosystem services such as water purification, soil erosion prevention and carbon sequestration. Grasslands contain various species of forage grasses, crucial for feeding livestock. Forage grasses, such as Lolium spp. and Festuca spp. are valuable, environment-friendly sources of livestock feed. However, frequent and unpredictable droughts have threatened forage grass yields, posing significant challenges to farmers and livestock managers.
It is that range of biodiversity that we must care for – the whole thing – rather than just one or two stars. – David Attenborough
When we think about ecological diversity, our minds often jump to different species of plants and animals. But what if there is more to this story? Diversity extends beyond genes, plants, and animals—it is also about the variety of ecosystems in the landscapes around us (Fig. 1). Imagine a patchwork quilt of croplands, forests, grasslands, wetlands and meadows. Could this mosaic be the key to a healthier, more resilient environment? Do these diverse ecosystems, working together, contribute to the overall balance of our landscapes on a grander scale?
Apple orchards across many parts of the world are under stress due to a rapidly-changing climate characterized by more frequent and intense extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts and episodes of spring frost. Despite being the most produced fruit in Europe, can apples withstand the changing environmental conditions that accompany climate change? What have local farmers done so far and what should they do in the future to adapt to these changing circumstances? Laurent Giguère, is a PhD student at ETH Zurich, as well as a RESPONSE fellow in the PhD program Science and Policy. He sought to answer these questions using mixed methods involving econometric modelling, index-based hazard assessment as well as both quantitative and qualitative surveying.
Have you ever marveled at how a tiny seed grows into a towering tree? Seeds are at the foundation of all life, and their quality and yield are inevitably influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, it is vital to enhance our understanding of how seeds form, such that sufficient yields can be ensured even during adverse conditions.
On December 5, 2024 (2-7 pm, ETH Zurich, Main Building, Audimax), we are celebrating the imminent completion of the RESPONSE doctoral program «RESPONSE – to society and policy needs through plant, food and energy sciences».
Warum wird in der Schweiz so wenig Buchweizen angebaut? SRF-1-Foodexpertin Esther Kern hat sich darüber in der Sendung «À point – Wissen aus der Küche auf den Punkt gebracht» mit RESPONSE Fellow Fabian Hess unterhalten. Als Doktorand an der ETH untersucht er über hundert Buchweizen-Sorten für den Anbau in der Schweiz.
The tropics lost a whopping 4.1 million hectares of primary forests in 2022, equivalent to losing 11 football fields of forest per minute, according to research from the World Resources Institute. Numerous restoration projects worldwide target counteracting these large scales of forest destruction that are causing insurmountable loss of biodiversity. By planting native vegetation as well as by assisting in natural regrowth of vegetation, these projects aim to restore degraded forests back to their flourishing state. These efforts are not just about the trees. They are crucial for the recovery of animal communities too. However, it is unfortunately undermined by the limited data available on the influence of forest loss and regeneration on recovery of faunal species and communities.
In the vast expanse of sub-Saharan Africa, trees sustain the timeless tradition of producing charcoal; the very charcoal used to grill food at barbecues. Charcoal is a vital energy source fueling households and industries. Having said that, this seemingly innocuous practice of burning wood in a kiln comes at a hefty price tag. Converting trees to charcoal disrupts the delicate balance of carbon in ecosystems, with consequences that reverberate far beyond the local landscape.
