Subgenus Osmia
The subgenus Osmia Panzer is distributed both in the Palaearctic and the Nearctic region. It contains 25 described species, 23 of which occur in the Palaearctic. 1 species is still undescribed (A. Müller, unpublished).
Female of Osmia (Osmia) cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876 collecting pollen on Cerinthe (Boraginaceae), the species’ exclusive pollen source. Foto A. Gogala.
Species accounts
Osmia (Osmia) cyrenaica Peters, 1978
1978 Osmia (Osmia) cyrenaica Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 308. Type material: Holotype m, “Cyrenaica, Cyrene, 1800 feet” [Libya], BMNH (London); paratype m.
Distribution-Northern Africa: LAR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) excavata Alfken, 1903
1903 Osmia (Chalcosmia) excavata Alfken, Zeitschrift für Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 3: 210. Type material: f(f), “Tokio” [Japan], ZMHB (Berlin).
1911 Osmia mitsukurii Cockerell, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39: 639. Type material: Holotype f, [Japan], USNM (Washington).-Synonymy in Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950: 3).
1931 Osmia (Pachyosmia) heudei Cockerell, American Museum Novitates, 466: 2. Type material: Holotype f, “Zi-ka-wei” [China], AMNH (New York).-Synonymy in Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950: 3).
Distribution-Northern Asia: J, RC, ROK.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006); Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect borings in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites, bamboo) and straw tubes. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. (Hirashima, 1957, 1958, 1973; Kitamura and Maeta, 1969; Maeta, 1978)
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) mutensis Peters, 1978
1978 Osmia (Osmia) mutensis Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 315. Type material: Holotype f, “Mut, Sertavul, 1600 m” [Turkey], SMFD (Frankfurt).
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
bicornis group
Osmia (Osmia) ariadne Peters, 1978
1978 Osmia (Osmia) ariadne Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 296. Type material: Holotype f, “W-Kreta, Meskla” [Greece: Crete], SMFD (Frankfurt); paratype f.
Distribution-Europe: GR(Cr).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Zanden (1986: 72).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
1758 Apis bicornis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 10th edn, vol. 1, p. 575. Type material: Holotype f, “in Europa” [Sweden], LSUK (London). Type species of Osmia Panzer.-Combination Osmia (Ceratosmia) bicornis (Linnaeus) in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 19 [885]).-Synonymy with Osmia rufa (Linnaeus) in Dalla Torre (1896: 407) and in Warncke (1986: 121), but see Day (1979: 51, 70).
1758 Apis rufa Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 10th edn, vol. 1, p. 575. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Day (1979: 70), “in Europa” [Sweden], LSUK (London).-Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) rufa (Linnaeus) in Friese (1911b: 126). Combination Osmia (Osmia) rufa (Linnaeus) in Zanden (1988b: 127).-Synonymy in Kirby (1802: 273) and in Day (1979: 51, 70).
Distribution-Europe: A, AL, ARM, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), FIN?, FL, GB, GR, H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), IRL, L, LT, LV, MK, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN. Northern Asia: KS, KZ, RUS(FS), TM; J. Southwestern Asia: CY, IL, IR, SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); Móczár (1958); Peters (1978a); Radoszkowski (1887a: 279); Romankova (1984); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities of most diverse form and size: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Arundo, Phragmites) and drilled borings in pithy stems; abandoned cells in exposed nests of other aculeates (e.g. Chalicodoma); insect burrows in horizontal or vertical ground (e.g. of Anthophora, Colletes); crevices in walls; cracks between shingles on house walls; key holes, pocket watches and flutes; glass tubes; empty snail shells. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. In larger cavities, the cells consist entirely or partially of mud. In rare cases, nests inside cavities are entirely composed of mud, then similar to the nests of Chalicodoma. Irregularities inside the nests are often smoothed with mud. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1966, 1967a, 1968; Brechtel, 1986; Friese, 1923; Grandi, 1961; Ivanov, 2006; Le Goff, 2006; Malyshev, 1937; Müller et al., 1997; Olifir, 1980; O’Toole and Raw, 1999; Raw, 1972; Schmiedeknecht, 1885-1886; Smith, 1844; Tasei, 1973; Vicens, Bosch and Blas, 1993; Westrich, 1989; G. Else, unpublished manuscript)
Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen sources include plants belonging to 18 different families (Amiet et al., 2004; Westrich, 1989).
- subspecies bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
1758 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).-Combination Osmia rufa rufa (Linnaeus) in Peters (1978a: 290).
1776 Apis agino Harris, Exposition of English Insects, p. 163. Type material: m(m), [England].-Synonymy in Peters (1978a: 290).
1844 Osmia hedera Smith, The Zoologist (London), 2: 747. Type material: Holotype m, “Hampshire” [United Kingdom].-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1977b: 232).
1899 Osmia rufa borealis Ducke, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 215. Type material: Holotype f, “aus Norwegen” [Norway], NMW (Wien).-Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) rufa borealis Ducke in Friese (1911b: 126).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1977b: 232).
Distribution-Europe: DK, E, F(Co), FIN?, GB, I(Sa), IRL, N, P, S. Southwestern Asia: IR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a).
- subspecies globosa (Scopoli, 1763)
1763 Apis globosa Scopoli, 1763, Entomologia Carniolica, p. 300. Type material: Neotype m, by designation of Warncke (1986: 74), “Klagenfurt, Kärnten” [Austria], ZSM (München).-Combination Osmia rufa globosa (Scopoli) in Warncke (1986: 100).
1790 Apis cornigera Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, vol. 2, p. 108. Type material: f(f), [Italy].-Combination Osmia rufa cornigera (Rossi) in Peters (1978a: 294).-Synonymy in Warncke (1986: 94).
1799 Apis fronticornis Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, 63: 20. Type material: f(f), [Germany].-Synonymy with Osmia rufa cornigera (Rossi) in Peters (1978a: 294). Synonymy with Osmia rufa globosa (Scopoli) in Warncke (1986: 98).
Distribution-Europe: A, AL, ARM, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, F(Co), FL, GR, H, HR, I, I(Si), L, LT, LV, MK, NL, PL, RO, RUS, S, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Africa: TN. Southwestern Asia: CY?, IL, IR, SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a); Radoszkowski (1887a: 280).
- subspecies fracticornis Pérez, 1895
1895 Osmia fracticornis Pérez, Espèces nouvelles de mellifères de Barbarie, p. 10. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) fracticornis Pérez in Friese (1911b: 126). Combination Osmia rufa fracticornis Pérez in Peters (1978a: 295).
Distribution-Europe: E(Ba), I(Sa), I(Si). Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a).
Osmia (Osmia) cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876
1876 Osmia cerinthidis Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 12: 41. Type material: f(f), “Borshom” [Georgia], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Ceratosmia) cerinthidis Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 19 [885]). Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) rufa cerinthidis Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 126).
Distribution-Europe: A, ARM, BG, CZ, D, F, GE, GR, I, I(Si), MK, PL, RO, RUS, SK, SLO, UA; B. Northern Asia: RC?. Southwestern Asia: IR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Ducke (1900, as Osmia rufa var. cerinthidis); Medvedeva (1978); Peters (1978a); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Wu (2006).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites). Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Olifir, 1980)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Cerinthe (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 1 pollen sample and on field observations). The only pollen sample available so far for the Sicilian subspecies crassiclypeata contains beside pollen of Cerinthe large quantities of monocot pollen (probably from Asphodelus or Asphodeline) (A. Müller, unpublished).
- subspecies cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876
1876 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: A, ARM, CZ, D, F, GE, GR, I, MK, PL, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Asia: RC. Southwestern Asia: IR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a).
- subspecies crassiclypeata Peters, 1978
1978 Osmia (Osmia) cerinthidis crassiclypeata Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 299. Type material: Holotype f, “Palermo” [Italy: Sicily], Schwarz Collection (Ansfelden).
Distribution-Europe: I(Si).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Osmia (Osmia) cornifrons (Radoszkowski, 1887)
1887 Chalicodoma cornifrons Radoszkowski, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 21: 430. Type material: f(f), “Korée” [Korea].-Combination Osmia (Ceratosmia) cornifrons (Radoszkowski) in Gussakovskij (1932: 61).
Distribution-Northern Asia: J, RC, ROK, RUS(FS); Korea. Extralimital: Nearctic (USA) [Introduced].
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Romankova (1984, 1985b: 943-944, 1995); Wu (2006); Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect borings in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Conium, Phragmites, bamboo) and straw tubes; space between a folded newspaper. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. In large cavities, cells are irregularly arranged with cell walls partially or entirely built of mud. (Hirashima, 1973; Kitamura and Maeta, 1969; Maeta, 1969, 1978; Rust, 1974; Yamada et al., 1971)
Flower preferences: Polylectic (Quest, 2009).
Osmia (Osmia) cornuta (Latreille, 1805)
1805 Megachile cornuta Latreille, Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés et des Insectes, vol. 14: 59 [not seen]. Type material: [France]. Combination Osmia (Ceratosmia) cornuta (Latreille) in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 19 [885]). Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) cornuta (Latreille) in Friese (1911b: 127).
Distribution-Europe: A, AND, ARM, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), FL, GE, GR, GR(Cr), H, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, MK, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Africa: ET, DZ, TN. Northern Asia: TM; Turkestan. Southwestern Asia: CY, IR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); Móczár (1958); Peters (1978a); Radoszkowski (1887a: 291-292); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites, bamboo) and drilled borings in pithy stems; crevices and holes in walls, rocks or stones; insect burrows in the soil (e.g. of Anthophora); glass tubes; empty snail shells (e.g. of Zonites algirus). Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. In larger cavities, cells are partially or entirely made of mud. (Benoist, 1931; Brechtel, 1986; Friese, 1923; Gogala, 1999; Graeffe, 1902; Mavromoustakis, 1948c; Müller et al., 1997; Olifir, 1980; Popovici-Baznosanu, 1909; Stoeckhert, 1933; Tasei, 1973; Vicens, Bosch and Blas, 1993; Westrich, 1989; G. Le Goff, personal obervation)
Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen sources include plants belonging to 13 different families (Amiet et al., 2004; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 1 pollen sample).
- subspecies cornuta (Latreille, 1805)
1805 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: A, AND, B, CH, CZ, D, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), FL, GR, H, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, MK, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Africa: DZ, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a).
- subspecies divergens Friese, 1920
1920 Osmia divergens Friese, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Berlin), 1920: 51. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Peters (1978a: 304), “Turkestan” [Turkestan], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) cornuta divergens Friese in Peters (1978a: 304).
Distribution-Northern Asia: TM; Turkestan. Southwestern Asia: IR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a).
- subspecies neoregaena Mavromoustakis, 1938
1938 Osmia neoregaena Mavromoustakis, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London), ser. 11, 2: 471. Type material: Holotype f, “Saittas, 2500 ft” [Cyprus], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Osmia (Osmia) cornuta neoregaena Mavromoustakis in Peters (1978a: 304).
Distribution- Europe: GR(Lesbos). Southwestern Asia: CY.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a).
Nesting biology:
Flower preferences:
- subspecies quasirufa Peters, 1978
1978 Osmia (Osmia) cornuta quasirufa Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 303. Type material: Holotype f, “Kingi (Maryut, sw von Alexandria) im Garten” [Egypt], SMFD (Frankfurt); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Europe: ARM, GE, GR(Cr)?. Northern Africa: ET. Southwestern Asia: IR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Osmia (Osmia) kohli Ducke, 1899
1899 Osmia kohlii Ducke, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 213. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Peters (1978a: 306), “Sicilien” [Italy: Sicily], NMW (Wien); paralectotypes mm, ff.-Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) kohli Ducke in Friese (1911b: 127).
Distribution-Europe: I, I(Si), M; F(Co). Northern Africa: DZ?.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) longicornis Morawitz, 1875
1875 Osmia longicornis Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 78. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1969a: 343), “Taschkent” [Uzbekistan], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotype m.-Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) longicornis Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 125).
Distribution- Europe: Caucasus. Northern Asia: UZ. Southwestern Asia: AFG.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a); Romankova (1985b: 943-944); Tkalcu (1969a: 343).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) opima Romankova, 1985
1985 Osmia (Osmia) opima Romankova, Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal (Moscow), 64: 942. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Primorye, 14 km north of the village Kievka” [Russia].
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(NE), RC(NO), ROK, RUS(FS).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Romankova (1995).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. (Romankova, 1985b)
Flower preferences: Polylectic (T. Romankova, personal communication).
Osmia (Osmia) pedicornis Cockerell, 1919
1919 Osmia (Pachyosmia) pedicornis Cockerell, Proceedings of the United States National Museum (Washinton), 55: 182. Type material: Holotype f, “Soochow” [China], USNM (Washington); paratype m.
Distribution-Northern Asia: J, RC(CE), ROK, RUS(FS).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Romankova (1994: 123, 1995); Wu (2006); Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites, bamboo) and straw tubes. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. (Hirashima, 1958; Kitamura and Maeta, 1969; Maeta, 1969, 1978)
Flower preferences: Polylectic (Quest, 2009; T. Romankova, personal communication).
Osmia (Osmia) quadricornuta Wu, 2004
2004 Osmia quadricornuta Wu, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29: 531. Type material: Holotype f, “Yunnan, Kunming Xishan (25°N, 102.2°E), 2100 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratype m.
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(SW).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) rufina Cockerell, 1931
1931 Osmia (Pachyosmia) rufina Cockerell, American Museum Novitates (New York), 466: 3. Type material: Holotype f, “Zô-Sè” [China], AMNH (New York).
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) rufinoides Wu, 2004
2004 Osmia rufinoides Wu, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29: 532. Type material: Holotype f, “Shanghai” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes ff.
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(CE).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) taurus Smith, 1873
1873 Osmia Taurus Smith, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1873: 201. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f),”Hiogo” [Japan], BMNH (London).
1911 Osmia matsumurae Cockerell, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39: 640. Type material: Holotype m, “Sapporo” [Japan], USNM (Washington).-Synonymy in Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950: 2).
Distribution-Northern Asia: J, RC, ROK, RUS(FS).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Romankova (1984, 1995); Wu (2006); Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites, bamboo) and straw tubes. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. (Kitamura and Maeta, 1969; Maeta, 1969, 1978)
Flower preferences: Polylectic (Quest, 2009).
Osmia (Osmia) tricornis Latreille, 1811
1811 Osmia tricornis Latreille, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insectes, vol. 8, p. 575. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “environs d’Aix, Montpellier” [France].-Combination Osmia (Ceratosmia) tricornis Latreille in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 19 [885]). Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) tricornis Latreille in Friese (1911b: 126).
Distribution-Europe: AND, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), I, I(Sa), P. Northern Africa: DZ, E(Ca), LAR, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a); Radoszkowski (1887a: 292); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites); insect burrows in the ground; empty snail shell (Cepaea) in the fissure of a stone wall; abandoned cells in exposed nests of Chalicodoma. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. (Benoist, 1931; O’Toole and Raw, 1991; Vicens et al., 1993, 1994; A. Müller, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Polylectic with a possible preference for Cistaceae (e.g. Helianthemum, Cistus); additional pollen sources include Papaver (Papaveraceae), Quercus (Fagaceae), Boraginaceae (e.g. Anchusa, Echium), Brassicaceae, Fabaceae (e.g. Lotus) and Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) (Vicens et al., 1994; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 28 pollen samples from 19 different localities and on field observations).
Osmia (Osmia) yanbianensis Wu, 2004
2004 Osmia (Osmia) yanbianense Wu, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29: 532. Type material: Holotype m, “Jilin, Yanbian (42.9°N, 129.5°E)” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratype f.
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(NE).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
emarginata group (“Aceratosmia“)
Osmia (Osmia) emarginata Lepeletier, 1841
1841 Osmia emarginata Lepeletier, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hyménoptères, vol. 2, p. 317 [not seen]. Type material: Holotype f, “Bois du Vésinet, près Saint-Germain-en-Laye” [France], MNHN (Paris). Type species of Aceratosmia Schmiedeknecht.-Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) emarginata Lepeletier in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 19 [885]). Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) emarginata Lepeletier in Friese (1911b: 125).
Distribution-Europe: B, E, F, F(Co), I, I(Sa), L, P. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN. Southwestern Asia: IL.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900, incl. Osmia mustelina); Peters (1978a), Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886, incl. Osmia mustelina); Tkalcu (1971). Misapplication: Historically often confounded with Osmia mustelina Gerstaecker, see Tkalcu (1971).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: fissures between stones and cavities in rocks and stones; metal tubes. Nesting material: The cells, which are built side by side, are entirely built from chewed leaves. The outermost layer of the nest consists of empty cells. Often, several females communally nest in the same fissure or cavity. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Deleurance, 1949; Ferton, 1901a; Tkalcu, 1971; Weigand, 2010, as Osmia mustelina)
Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen sources recorded so far are Fabaceae, Echium (Boraginaceae), Lamiaceae and Cistaceae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 7 pollen samples from 5 different localities).
- subspecies emarginata Lepeletier, 1841
1841 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: B, E, F, F(Co), I, I(Sa), L, P.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a).
- subspecies infuscata Peters, 1978
1928 Osmia emarginata fusca Benoist, Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc (Rabat), 8: 215. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Apis fusca Christ, 1791; not Osmia fusca Gistel, 1857]. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Moyen Atlas, au sud de Taza: Tizi n’Bouftène (2300 m), Tasrah des Ighezrane (2300 m)” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).
1978 Osmia emarginata infuscata Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 310. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia emarginata fusca Benoist, 1928 [not Apis fusca Christ, 1791; not Osmia fusca Gistel, 1857].
Distribution-Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Tkalcu (1971).
Osmia (Osmia) fedtschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
1875 Osmia Fedtschenkoi Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 81. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “prope Samarkand” [Uzbekistan].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) fedtschenkoi Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 114). Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) fedtschenkoi Morawitz in Tkalcu (1969a: 340).
1904 Osmia (Ceratosmia) balucha Nurse, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15: 573. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1969a: 341), “Quetta” [Pakistan], BMNH (London); paralectotype m.-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1969a: 340).
1930 Osmia usbekistana Cockerell, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 10, 5: 408. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1969a: 341), “Tashkent” [Uzbekistan], BMNH (London).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1969a: 340).
Distribution-Northern Asia: TJ, TM, UZ. Southwestern Asia: AFG, PAK.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a), Tkalcu (1969a: 341-342).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Arundo); insect burrows in the soil (e.g. of Anthophora). Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud. In larger cavities, cells are irregularly arranged with cell walls partially or entirely built of mud. (Beiko, 1987; Nurse, 1904; Ponomareva, 1958)
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Osmia (Osmia) melanocephala Morawitz, 1875
1875 Osmia melanocephala Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 80. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “in valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan].-Combination Osmia (Pachyosmia) melanocephala Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 124). Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) melanocephala Morawitz in Tkalcu (1969a: 340).
Distribution-Northern Asia: KS, KZ, MGL, RC, RUS, TJ, TM, UZ.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a), Radoszkowski (1886: 13); Tkalcu (1995: 142); Wu (2006); Zanden (1996b: 895).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown. The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Fabaceae (A. Müller, unpublished).
Osmia (Osmia) mustelina Gerstaecker, 1869
1869 Osmia mustelina Gerstaecker, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 30: 348. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1971: 225), “Franken (bei Culmbach)” [Germany], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotype f.-Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) mustelina Gerstaecker in Tkalcu (1969a: 340).-Synonymy with Osmia emarginata Lepeletier in Friese (1911b: 125), rejected by Tkalcu (1971).
Distribution-Europe: A, ARM, CH, CZ, D, FL, GE, GR, H, HR, I, I(Si), L, MK, PL, RO, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Southwestern Asia: IL, IR, RL, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Ducke (1900, incl. Osmia emarginata); Medvedeva (1978, as Osmia emarginata); Móczár (1958, as Osmia emarginata); Peters (1978a); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886, incl. Osmia emarginata); Tkalcu (1971; 1974b: 339-340). Misapplication: Historically often confounded with Osmia emarginata Lepeletier, see Tkalcu (1971).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: fissures between stones and cavities in rocks, stones and walls; rarely in hollow stems or in abandoned cells of Megachile (Chalicodoma) parietina. Nesting material: The cells, which are built side by side, entirely consist of chewed leaves (e.g. of Helianthemum, Cytisus). While in larger cavities the entire cells are built from leaf pulp, only the side walls are built in narrow cavities. The outermost layer of the nest consists of empty cells. Often, several females communally nest in the same fissure or cavity. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Bonelli, 1967; Friese, 1895, 1923; Grandi, 1961; Müller et al., 1997; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989)
Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Echium (Boraginaceae), Helianthemum (Cistaceae), Scabiosa (Dipsacaceae) and Ajuga (Lamiaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 8 pollen samples from 3 different localities).
- subspecies griseohirta Alfken, 1935
1935 Osmia emarginata griseohirta Alfken, Mitteilungen aus dem Entomologischen Verein in Bremen, 23: 23. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Tkalcu (1971), “Elburs, Pish-Kuh” [Iran], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) mustelina griseohirta Alfken in Tkalcu (1971: 226).
Distribution-Europe: ARM, GE. Southwestern Asia: IR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a), Tkalcu (1971).
- subspecies mustelina Gerstaecker, 1869
1869 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: A, CH, CZ, D, FL, GR, H, HR, I, L, MK, PL, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Southwestern Asia: IL, RL, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Peters (1978a).
- subspecies umbrosa Peters, 1978
1978 Osmia (Osmia) mustelina umbrosa Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 58: 313. Type material: Holotype f, “Palermo” [Italy: Sicily], SMFD (Frankfurt); paratypes ff.
Distribution-Europe: I, I(Si).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Osmia (Osmia) nigrohirta Friese, 1899
1899 Osmia bicolor nigrohirta Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 25. Type material: Holotype f, “Poros” [Greece], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) nigrohirta Friese in Tkalcu (1969a: 340).
Distribution-Europe: AL, GR, MK; Caucasus. Southwestern Asia: IR, RL, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Peters (1978a), Tkalcu (1974b: 339-340).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae (e.g. Onobrychis), Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium), Cistaceae, Brassicaceae and Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 9 pollen samples from 7 different localities).