Subgenus Hoplitis
The subgenus Hoplitis Klug is confined to the Palaearctic region. It contains 50 described species. At least 45 species are still undescribed (A. Müller, unpublished).
Female of Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca (Panzer, 1798) on a flower of Echium (Boraginaceae), the species’ exclusive pollen source. Foto A. Krebs.
Species accounts
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca (Panzer, 1798)
1798 Apis adunca Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, 56: 5. Type material: m(m), [Germany]. Type species of Ctenosmia Thomson and Hoplitis Klug.-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) adunca (Panzer) in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) adunca (Panzer) in Warncke (1992a: 116).
1841 Osmia Spinolae Lepeletier, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hyménoptères, vol. 2, p. 328 [not seen]. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 176), “toute la France” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975a: 176).
1910 Osmia aduncoides Strand, Entomologische Zeitschrift (Frankfurt), 24: 216. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of T. Griswold (Zanden, 1989: 73), “Algier, Constantine” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy with Hoplitis adunca contraria Tkalcu in Zanden (1989: 73).
1974 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca contraria Tkalcu, Beiträge zur Entomologie (Berlin), 24: 329. Type material: Holotype f, “Villabáñez Valladolid” [Spain], Asensio Collection (Valladolid); paratypes mm, ff.-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 116).
Distribution-Europe: A, AL, ARM, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, F(Co), FL, GR, H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LT, LV, NL, P, PL, RUS, SK, SCG, SLO, UA; Caucasus. Northern Africa: DZ, LAR, MA, TN. Northern Asia: KS, RUS(FS), TM. Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); Móczár (1958); Morice (1901); Radoszkowski (1887a: 287-288); Romankova (1995); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1983: 131).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: insect burrows and drilled borings in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites) and drilled borings in stems; abandoned cells and burrows of other aculeates (e.g. Megachile parietina, Colletes, Anthophora, Odynerus); holes and crevices in clay and stone walls and in banks; glass tubes. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug made of mud. The outer surface of the nest plug is often covered with wood fibers, sand, dust etc. There is a clear tendency to line the burrow walls completely or partially with mud; in the most extreme case, the nest consists of a uniform mud cylinder containig several cells. The cells are delimited both in front and in the rear by two mud partitions glued together, which might indicate remains of the habit to build entire cells. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bosch, Vicens and Blas, 1993; Brechtel, 1986; Friese, 1923; Grandi, 1961; Le Goff, 2004b; Malyshev, 1937; Müller et al., 1997; Popovici-Baznosanu, 1909; Westrich, 1989)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Gogala, 1999; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 35 pollen samples from 23 different localities and on field observations).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) albopilosa Wu, 1987
1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) albopilosa Wu, Acta Entomologica Sinica (Beijing), 30: 445, 449. Type material: Holotype f, “Xizang, Gongbujiangda” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(WP).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006). Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853)
1853 Osmia anthocopoides Schenck, Jahrbücher des Vereins für Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, 9: 181. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 177), “Herzogthum Nassau” [Germany], SMFD (Frankfurt); paralectotype m.-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) anthocopoides Schenck in Warncke (1992a: 113).
1869 Osmia caementaria Gerstaecker, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 30: 339. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 177), “Mark Brandenburg Falkenberg” [Germany], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotype f.-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) caementaria Gerstaecker in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975a: 177).
1879 Osmia hybrida Pérez, Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 33: 200. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Marseille” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) hybrida Pérez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 113).
1901 Osmia romana Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 176. Type material: Holotype m, “Roma” [Italy], OUMNH (Oxford).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1977b: 228).
1969 Fertonella algerica Benoist, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 74: 244. Type material: Holotype f, “Dellys” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 113).
Distribution-Europe: A, ARM, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, H, HR, I, I(Si), L, LT, LV, MK, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Africa: DZ, E(Ca), MA, TN. Extralimital: Nearctic (Canada, USA) [Introduced].
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931, as Osmia spinolae); Ducke (1900, as Osmia spinolae); Eickwort (1970: 190, 192); Medvedeva (1978); Móczár (1958); Morice (1901); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In depressions, cracks or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed; in small rock cavities containing 1-3 hidden cells. Nests contain 1-33, mostly 3-8 cells. Nesting material: Brood cells and nest plug built from rather coarse pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (Banaszak & Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1971; Eickwort, 1973, 1975; Friese, 1923; Gerstaecker, 1869; Le Goff 2004b; Müller et al., 1997; Westrich, 1989)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Eickwort, 1973, 1975; Gogala, 1999; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 24 pollen samples from 17 different localities).
- subspecies anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853)
1853 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: A, ARM, B, BG, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, F, H, HR, I, I(Si), L, LV, MK, NL, P, PL, RUS, SK, SLO, UA. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN. Extralimital: Nearctic (Canada, USA) [Introduced].
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
- subspecies perambigua (Peters, 1975)
1975 Osmia anthocopoides perambigua Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 56: 51. Type material: Holotype m, “Tenerife: La Cuesta” [Spain: Canary Islands], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Northern Africa: E(Ca).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) benoisti (Alfken, 1935)
1879 Osmia Morawitzi Pérez, Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 33: 199. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia morawitzi Gerstaecker, 1869]. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Marseille, Montpellier” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) morawitzi Pérez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).
1935 Osmia benoisti Alfken, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 189. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia morawitzi Pérez, 1879 [not Osmia morawitzi Gerstaecker, 1869].-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) benoisti Alfken in Warncke (1992a: 115).
1969 Osmia grinincensis Benoist, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 74: 244. Type material: Holotype f, “Grasse” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1985: 69).
Distribution-Europe: E, F, F(Co), HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), P. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Benoist (1931); Móczár (1958); Morice (1901); Stanek (1969a: 25-26); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 65).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nests on rock or stone surface; in small rock cavities with 1-3 hidden cells; insect burrows in the soil. Nesting material: Brood cells and nest plug made of mud; no pebbles are used as for example in H. anthocopoides. (Benoist, 1931; Le Goff, 2004, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (Benoist, 1931; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 57 pollen samples from 35 different localities).
- subspecies benoisti (Alfken, 1935)
1935 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: E, F, F(Co), HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), P.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
- subspecies gregaria (Warncke, 1992)
1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) benoisti gregaria Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24: 116. Type material: Holotype m, “30 km N Ksar-es-Souk” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bihamata (Costa, 1885)
1885 Osmia (Ctenosmia) bihamata Costa, Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 17: 247. Type material: Holotype m, “Sardegna” [Italy: Sardinia].-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) bihamata Costa in Warncke (1992a: 108).1901 Osmia corsica Ferton, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1901: 61. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Corsica” [France: Corsica], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Alfken (1937: 107).
Distribution-Europe: F(Co), I(Sa). Northern Africa: MA?.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Stanek (1969a: 27-28); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1983: 131).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In small rock cavities containing one cell. Nesting material: The cell is entirely built from mud intermixed with small pebbles. (Benoist, 1931; Ferton, 1901b)
Flower preferences: Unknown. Flower records: Echium (Benoist, 1931).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bilobulata Wu, 1993
1993 Hoplitis bilobulata Wu, Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region, vol. 2, p. 1394, p. 1419. Type material: Holotype m, “Yunnan: Dequnadun, 2700 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes mm, f.
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(SW).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bombiformis Zanden, 1991
1991 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bombiformis Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 28: 167. Type material: Holotype f, “20 km E. Yüksekova, 2200 m” [Turkey], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes ff.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) brevicornis (Morawitz, 1880)
1880 Osmia brevicornis Morawitz, Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 26: 386. Type material: m(m), “bei Krasnowodsk” [Turkmenistan].
Distribution-Northern Asia: TM.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) brevispora (Warncke, 1992)
1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) brevispora Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24: 110. Type material: Holotype m, “Irherm” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).
Distribution-Northern Africa: MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown. 2 pollen samples from 2 different localities contained pollen of Echium (Boraginaceae); in one of the pollen samples, a small percentage of Lamiaceae pollen was recorded (A. Müller, unpublished).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) brunnescens (Benoist, 1950)
1950 Osmia brunnescens Benoist, Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc (Rabat), 30: 188. Type material: Holotype f, “Marrakech” [Morocco], MZLS (Lausanne).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) brunnescens Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 111).
Distribution-Northern Africa: MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 68).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Possibly mesolectic on Trichodesma (Boraginaceae) and Antirrhineae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 8 pollen samples from 7 different localities). However, as the morphological differentiation between the females of H. brunnescens and H. hoggara is very difficult, the assumption of a narrow flower specialization should be treated with caution.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) carinata (Stanek, 1969)
1969 Osmia carinata Stanek, Nachrichten des Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums der Stadt Aschaffenburg, 78: 3. Type material: Holotype f, “Beysehir-See, 1121 m” [Turkey], SMFD (Frankfurt).
Distribution- Europe: ARM, AZ, BG, GR, MK. Southwestern Asia: JOR, TR, SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Fabaceae (e.g. Onobrychis, Medicago, Melilotus, Lotus, Vicia), an important pollen source are flowers of the Hedysareae (e.g. Onobrychis). Several pollen samples from two different localities were found to contain small amounts of Boraginaceae pollen, which was probably not actively collected, indicating that flowers of the Boraginaceae are sometimes used as nectar sources (Özbek, 1979b; Özbek and Zanden, 1992a; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 60 pollen samples from 18 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) carinotarsa Wu, 1987
1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) carinotarsa Wu, Acta Entomologica Sinica (Beijing), 30: 446, 449. Type material: Holotype f, “Sichuan, Emei” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes m, ff.
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(SW).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ctenophora (Benoist, 1934)
1934 Osmia ctenophora Benoist, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 39: 159. Type material: Holotype f, “Mecheria” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) ctenophora Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 111).
Distribution-Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 66).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Probably mesolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) and Fabaceae; as there are mixed pollen samples containing both Echium and Fabaceae pollen, the existence of a closely related cryptic species can be excluded (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 22 pollen samples from 12 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) erzurumensis Tkalcu, 2000
2000 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) erzurumensis Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 323. Type material: Holotype m, “Erzurum” [Turkey]; Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Probably oligolectic on Fabaceae (e.g. Onobrychis, Medicago, Trifolium) (Özbek, 1979b; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 14 pollen samples from 7 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fabrei Zanden, 1987
1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fabrei Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 25: 74. Type material: Holotype m, “Tebloni, Korfu” [Greece], RMNH (Leiden) ; paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Europe: GR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Nesting site: In small rock crevices containing in one case 2 brood cells. Nesting material: Mud. (Le Goff, personal communication)
Flower preferences: Polylectic with a preference for Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium); other pollen sources include Fabaceae, Campanulaceae and Lamiaceae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 19 pollen samples from 18 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fertoni (Pérez, 1890)
1890 Osmia Fertoni Pérez, in: Ferton, Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 44: 206. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 178), “Alger” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris); paralectotype m.-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) fertoni Pérez in Warncke (1992a: 113).
1895 Osmia albispina Pérez, Espèces nouvelles de mellifères de Barbarie, p. 16. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 178), “Kairuan” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris); paralectotype f.-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 114) and in Zanden (1992b: 66).
1902 Osmia Mecheriana Pérez, Procès-verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 57: 68. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Warncke (1992a: 113), “Méchéria (Sud-Oranais)” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 113).
Distribution-Europe: E, I(Si). Northern Africa: DZ, ET, MA, TN. Southwestern Asia: IL.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Ferton (1890: 206); Morice (1901); Peters (1975: 53-55); Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells (e.g. Eobania, Otala, Theba) with 1-8 cells. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud, sometimes mixed with small pebbles. After the shell is closed, the nest is neither transported to a protected place nor is the shell opening turned towards the ground. (Ferton, 1890, 1908; Le Goff, 2003a)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (Le Goff, 2003a; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 50 pollen samples from 23 different localities). One pollen sample contains boraginaceous pollen putatively belonging to Nonea, which indicates a certain flexibility of H. fertoni in the choice of its boraginaceous hosts.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) flabellifera (Morice, 1901)
1901 Osmia flabellifera Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 177. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1995: 428), “Bethlehem” [Palestine], OUMNH (Oxford).
1935 Osmia conjuncta Alfken, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 189. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia conjuncta Cresson, 1864]. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1995: 428), “Nablus” [Palestine], ZMHB (Berlin).
1935 Osmia stichi (Alfken), Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 315. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia conjuncta Alfken, 1935 [not Osmia conjuncta Cresson, 1864].
Distribution- Europe: ARM. Southwestern Asia: IL, IR, JOR, SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Polylectic with a strong preference for Anchusa (Boraginaceae) and/or closely related genera. Additional pollen sources are Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Echium (Boraginaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 48 pollen samples from 15 different localities). The females possess curved bristles on the tarsi of their forelegs (A. Müller, unpublished), which are used to extract pollen from the narrow-tubed Anchusa flowers (C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal observation). Similar specialized bristles developed either on the mouthparts or on the forelegs are known to occur in many other bee taxa where they serve to remove pollen from narrow-tubed flowers (Müller, 1995, 2006; Müller and Kuhlmann, 2003; Thorp, 2000).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fortispina (Pérez, 1895)
1895 Osmia fortispina Pérez, Espèces nouvelles de mellifères de Barbarie, p. 15 [redescribed in Procès-verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 57: 66]. Type material: Holotype f, “Algérie” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) fortispina Pérez in Warncke (1992a: 114).
Distribution-Northern Africa: DZ.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a). Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) hoggara (Warncke, 1992)
1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) hoggara Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24: 109. Type material: Holotype m, “Guelta bei Ilamane in 1900 m/Hoggar” [Algeria], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Northern Africa: DZ, MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Polylectic, recorded pollen sources are Boraginaceae (Trichodesma), Brassicaceae and Scrophulariaceae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 5 pollen samples from 3 different localities). However, as the morphological differentiation between the females of H. hoggara and H. brunnescens is very difficult, the recorded pollen sources should be treated with caution.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) holmboei (Mavromoustakis, 1948)
1948 Osmia holmboei Mavromoustakis, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London), ser. 12, 1: 578. Type material: Holotype f, “Yermasoyia River” [Cyprus], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution- Europe: GR. Southwestern Asia: CY.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Possibly oligolectic on Onosma (Boraginaceae) (Mavromoustakis, 1948c). This assumption is supported by the very long proboscis of this species. All five pollen loads available so far (from five different localities) consist of Boraginaceae pollen, probably of Onosma (A. Müller, unpublished).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) homalocera Zanden, 1991
1991 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) homalocera Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 23: 348. Type material: Holotype m, “Jericho” [Palestine], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, f.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: IL, JOR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Unknown. Nesting material: A female was observed to collect mud on the ground. (G. Pisanty, personal communication)
Flower preferences: Label records of pinned specimens as well as field observations in Jordan and Israel (C. Praz, C. Sedivy and A. Müller, personal observation) indicate that this species might be a strict oligolege of Podonosma (Boraginaceae). The only two pollen samples available so far (from two different localities) consist of Boraginaceae pollen, probably of Podonosma (A. Müller, unpublished).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) improceros Zanden, 1998
1998 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) improceros Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 30: 525. Type material: Holotype m, “10 km SE Adad, Dead Sea” [Israel], RMNH (Leiden); paratype m.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: IL.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) insularis (Schmiedeknecht, 1886)
1886 Osmia (Ctenosmia) insularis Schmiedeknecht, Apidae Europaeae, vol. 2, p. 158 [1024]. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Peters (1975: 53), “Mallorca” [Spain: Balearic Islands], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotypes m, ff.-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) insularis Schmiedeknecht in Warncke (1992a: 112).
1895 Osmia Vaulogeri Pérez, Espèces nouvelles de mellifères de Barbarie, p. 16. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1991b: 352), “Teniet” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1991b: 352).
Distribution-Europe: E, E(Ba), I(Sa), I(Si). Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Benoist (1931); Ducke (1898: 261-262, 1900); Morice (1901); Peters (1975: 53, 55); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1991b: 358-359).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Probably mesolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) and Fabaceae (e.g. Erinacea, Onobrychis); as all pollen samples available so far consist either of Echium or Fabaceae pollen, the existence of a closely related cryptic species can not be excluded (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 13 pollen samples from 10 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) jheringi (Ducke, 1898)
1898 Osmia jheringii Ducke, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 24: 260. Type material: Syntypes mm, ff, “Triester Karst” [Italy].-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) jheringi Ducke in Warncke (1992a: 107).
Distribution-Europe: I, GR, HR, MK, SLO. Northern Africa: DZ, ET, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Morice (1901); Peters (1975: 53, 55); Stanek (1969a: 29-30); Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Probably oligolectic on Fabaceae (Ducke, 1900; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 3 pollen samples from 2 different localities). Flower records: Genista sylvestris (A. Gogala, personal communication).
- subspecies hirundo (Warncke, 1992)
1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) jheringii hirundo Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24: 107. Type material: Holotype m, “50 km SO Taroudannt, Strasse nach Irherm” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).
Distribution-Northern Africa: MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
- subspecies jheringi (Ducke, 1898)
1898 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: I, HR, GR, MK, SLO.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
- subspecies urbica (Warncke, 1992)
1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) jheringii urbica Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24: 108. Type material: Holotype m, “30 km SO Zaghouan” [Tunisia], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm.
Distribution-Northern Africa: DZ?, ET?, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lapidaria (Morawitz, 1877)
1877 Osmia lapidaria Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 14: 40. Type material: Lectotype f, by designation of Warncke (1991e: 315), “Eriwan” [Armenia], ZIN (St. Petersburg); paralectotypes ff.-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) lapidaria Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) lapidaria Morawitz in Warncke (1991e: 315).
Distribution-Europe: ARM. Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Tkalcu (2000a: 329); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1991e). Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Possibly in fissures of rocks. Nesting material: Unknown. (Morawitz, 1877)
Flower preferences: The only 2 pollen samples available so far (from 2 different localities) consist of pollen of Hedysareae (Fabaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) latuspilosa Zanden, 1992
1992 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) latuspilosa Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 24: 69. Type material: Holotype m, “M’rirt” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris); paratype m.
Distribution-Northern Africa: MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Possibly mesolectic on Fabaceae and Echium (Boraginaceae). (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 3 pollen samples from 2 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lepeletieri (Pérez, 1879)
1879 Osmia Lepeletieri Pérez, Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 33: 198. Type material: f(f), [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) lepeletieri Pérez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).
Distribution-Europe: A, CH, D, E, F, H, I, RUS, SLO.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); Móczár (1958); Morice (1901); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In depressions, cracks or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed. Nests contain 2-8 cells. Nesting material: Brood cells are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells are finally covered by a continuous layer of mud. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1969; Ferton, 1901a; Friese, 1923; Gogala, 1999; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller and C. Sedivy, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Gogala, 1999; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 3 pollen samples from 2 different localities and on field observations).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) libanensis (Morice, 1901)
1901 Osmia libanensis Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 177. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Syria (Brumana)” [Lebanon], OUMNH (Oxford).
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: IL, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Possibly oligolectic on Fabaceae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 5 pollen samples from 3 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) linguaria (Morawitz, 1876)
1876 Osmia linguaria Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 12: 39. Type material: Holotype f, “um Azchur” [Caucasus], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) linguaria Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).
Distribution- Europe: Caucasus. Northern Asia. Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1992: 218-219); Zanden (1987: 80-82).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Possibly oligolectic on Onosma (Boraginaceae) (Morawitz, 1876; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 2 pollen samples from 2 different localities). This assumption is supported by the very long proboscis of this species.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) loti (Morawitz, 1867)
1867 Osmia Loti Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 5: 66. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “St. Moritz” [Switzerland].
1869 Osmia morawitzi Gerstaecker, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 30: 344. Type material: m(m).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) morawitzi Gerstaecker in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Schwarz (1996: 124).
1879 Osmia difformis Pérez, Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 33: 202. Type material: Syntypes mm, “Hautes et Basses-Pyrénées” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) difformis Pérez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Blüthgen (1920: 33).
Distribution-Europe: A, CH, CZ?, D, E, F, FL, H, HR, I, RUS, SLO.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Blüthgen (1920: 31); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); Móczár (1958); Morice (1901); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In depressions, cracks or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed; sometimes in abandoned cells of Hoplitis lepeletieri or in small rock cavities where the cells are hidden. Nests contain mostly 3-4 cells; Nesting material: Brood cells and nest plug are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells are finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Blüthgen, 1920; Friese, 1895, 1923; Micheli, 1931; Morawitz, 1867; Westrich, 1990; A. Müller, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Fabaceae (Amiet et al., 2004; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 3 pollen samples from 3 different localities and on field observations).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) manicata (Morice, 1901)
1901 Osmia manicata Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 176. Type material: Syntypes mm, “Zante” [Greece], OUMNH (Oxford).
Distribution-Europe: A, AL, BG, CZ, F(Co), GR, GR(Cr), HR, I, MK, RO, SCG, SK, UA. Northern Africa: DZ?. Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Scheuchl (1996); Zanden (1984c: 180-181).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Preexisting cavities: hollow dry stems of Arundo. Nesting material: Nest plug, cell partitions and large parts of the cell walls, sometimes entire cells, made of mud. (G. Le Goff, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 68 pollen samples from 34 different localities and on field observations). Additional flower records: Olea, Ficus (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) marchali (Pérez, 1902)
1902 Osmia Marchali Pérez, Procès-verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 57: 67. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Warncke (1992a: 108), “Batna, Bougie, Hammam-Meskoutin” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) marchali Pérez in Warncke (1992a: 108).
Distribution-Europe: E, F(Co), I(Si), P. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Small cavities in rocks with 1-2 brood cells. Nesting material: Brood cells and nest plug made of mud; no pebbles are used as for example in H. anthocopoides. (Le Goff, 2005b, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 30 pollen samples from 16 different localities and on field observations).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalcu, 2000
2000 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 323. Type material: Holotype m, “Erzurum” [Turkey], EMET (Erzurum); paratypes ff.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: JOR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Excavated burrows in sparsely vegetated to bare, horizontal and hard soil with 5-8 cells attached to the main tunnel or to one another in a linear series (similar to Hoplitis mocsaryi). The nests are very shallow, some cells are only 2-2.5cm below the ground surface. Nesting material: The cell partitions are made of mud. Each cell exhibits a 1-2mm thick cell wall composed of compact soil; the nature of the cell wall is unclear: it is either a special clay coating transported into the cell and applied by the female, or it is merely the result of the female smoothing the inner surface of the newly excavated cell. (Rozen et al., 2009).
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Fabaceae, an important pollen source are Hedysareae, e.g. Onobrychis (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 24 pollen samples from 10 different localities). Several brood cell provisions were found to be composed of Onobrychis pollen (Rozen et al., 2009).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) mucida (Dours, 1873)
1873 Osmia mucida Dours, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqué, ser. 3, 1: 293. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Algérie” [Algeria], Dours Collection, presumed destroyed (Zanden 1990: 52).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) mucida Dours in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) mucida Dours in Warncke (1992a: 114).
1902 Osmia Chobauti Pérez, Procès-verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 57: 66. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Margueritte” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1990: 52).
1919 Osmia taorminaensis Strand, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 83: 63. Type material: Holotype f, “Taormina-Lentini” [Italy: Sicily], DEI (Müncheberg).-Synonymy in Zanden (1986: 67).
1929 Osmia maroccana Benoist, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 98: 250. Type material: Holotype f, “Ras el Ma près d’Azrou” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy with Hoplitis chobauti (Pérez) in Zanden (1985: 60).
Distribution-Europe: CH, E, F, I, I(Si), P. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN. Southwestern Asia: IL, JOR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Benoist (1931); Mavromoustakis (1947: 359-360); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Cavities in rocks containing in one case a single cell. Nesting material: Brood cells and nest plug are made of mud; no pebbles are used as for example in H. anthocopoides. (Le Goff (2005b, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Benoist, 1931; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 14 pollen samples from 9 different localities and on field observations).
- subspecies mucida (Dours, 1873)
1873 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).
Distribution-Europe: I(Si)?. Northern Africa: DZ, MA, TN. Southwestern Asia: IL, JOR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
- subspecies stecki (Frey-Gessner, 1908)
1908 Osmia mucida stecki Frey-Gessner, Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 11: 283. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Grono im Unter-Misox” [Switzerland], NMBE (Bern).-Synonymy with Hoplitis mucida (Dours) in Zanden (1988b: 121). Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) mucida stecki Frey-Gessner in Warncke (1992a: 115).
Distribution-Europe: CH, E, F, I, I(Si), P.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ochraceicornis (Ferton, 1902)
1902 Osmia ochraceicornis Ferton, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 71: 499. Type material: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Saillagouse (Cerdagne: Pyrénées-Orientales)” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) ochraceicornis Ferton in Warncke (1992a: 109).
1969 Fertonella seyrigi Benoist, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 74: 245. Type material: Holotype f, “Peñarroya” [Spain], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 109).
Distribution-Europe: AND, E, F, I, MK, P. Northern Africa: P(Ma).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Benoist (1931); Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Small cavities in rocks. Nesting material: The cells are built from mud. (Benoist, 1931; Ferton, 1902)
Flower preferences: Unknown. 2 pollen samples from the same locality were found to contain pollen of Fabaceae, a third pollen sample from another locality is composed of pollen of Echium (Boraginaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished). Additional flower records: Echium (Benoist, 1931; Ferton, 1902), Fabaceae (Ferton, 1902).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) oreades (Benoist, 1934)
1934 Osmia oreades Benoist, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 39: 107. Type material: Holotype f, “Tizi n’Test, 2000-2450m” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) oreades Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 110).
1934 Osmia pectinifera Benoist, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 39: 159. Type material: Holotype f, “Asni” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 110).
Distribution-Northern Africa: MA, TN.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 65, 1989: 74).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Unknown. Nesting material: A female was observed to collect mud on the ground. (A. Müller, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Fabaceae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 20 pollen samples from 13 different localities and field observations).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) pallicornis (Friese, 1895)
1895 Osmia pallicornis Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 21: 131. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1987: 74), “Fiume, Zengg und Pola” [Croatia], ZMHB (Berlin).
Distribution-Europe: AL, GR(Cr, Lesbos), HR, I, MK, SLO. Southwestern Asia: IL, JOR, SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900, as Osmia difformis); Morice (1901); Zanden (1987: 74-75).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Holes in stones. Nesting material: The cells are built from mud and small pebbles. (Gogala, 1999)
Flower preferences: Polylectic with a preference for Boraginaceae (especially Echium) and Fabaceae; other pollen sources include Campanulaceae, Lamiaceae and monocots (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 49 pollen samples from 36 different localities). Additional flower records: Salvia, Onosma (Gogala, 1999).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) pici (Friese, 1899)
1899 Osmia pici Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 332. Type material: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1987: 80), “Broussa” [Syria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Hoplitis (Alcidamea) pici (Friese) in Zanden (1987: 80).
Distribution-Europe: GR, GR(Cr), HR, RO. Southwestern Asia: SYR, TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Morice (1901); Müller (2006: 497); Zanden (1987: 80).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: Exposed nest on the surface of a large rock. Nesting material: The cells are made of mud. (P. Hartmann, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Probably oligolectic on Muscari (Hyacinthaceae) (based on Müller (2006) and on 2 additional pollen samples from 2 different localities (A. Müller, unpublished)). The females are equipped with conspicuous hooked bristles on the galeae of their proboscis. These specialized bristles serve to scrape pollen out of the urn-shaped Muscari flowers, which have a very small opening only.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) quettensis Tkalcu, 2000
2000 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) quettensis Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 320. Type material: Holotype m, “Quetta” [Pakistan], BMNH (London); paratype m.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: PAK.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ravouxi (Pérez, 1902)
1902 Osmia Ravouxi Pérez, Procès-verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 57: 67. Type material: m(m), “Etroussat (Allier) et Alpes maritimes” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) ravouxi Pérez in Warncke (1992a: 112).
1902 Osmia rhinotropis Pérez, Procès-verbaux de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 57: 68. Type material: f(f), “Catalogne” [Spain], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Benoist, 1928d: 108).
1920 Osmia brachyceros Blüthgen, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 81: 33. Type material: Syntypes mm, ff, “Mühlhausen i. Thür.” [Germany].-Synonymy in Blüthgen (1929: 196).
1989 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ebmeri Zanden, Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 53: 83. Type material: Holotype m, “Sierra Nevada, W. Velecta, 2850 m” [Spain], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes m, ff.-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 112).
Distribution-Europe: A, B, CH, CZ, D, E, F, HR, I, I(Sa), L, NL, P, RO, RUS, SK, SLO.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Medvedeva (1978); Scheuchl (1996); Warncke (1992a).
Nesting biology-Nesting site: In depressions or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed; in small rock cavities where the cells are hidden. Nests contain 2-8 cells. Nesting material: Brood cells and nest plug are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells are finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles; in small stone or rock cavities, the orifice is closed with a layer of mud. (Benoist, 1931; Blüthgen, 1920; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989; M. Herrmann and A. Müller, personal observation)
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Fabaceae (Amiet et al., 2004; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Gogala, 1999; Westrich, 1989; A. Müller, unpublished, based on 1 pollen sample and on field observations). One pollen sample from Portugal was found to contain pollen of Echium (Boraginaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) rufimana (Morawitz, 1875)
1875 Osmia rufimana Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 92. Type material: m(m), “In valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan].
Distribution-Northern Asia: TJ.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) rufoantennalis Wu, 2004
2004 Hoplitis (Alcidemea) rufoantennalis Wu, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29: 535. Type material: Holotype m, “Kansu: Lanzhou (36.0°N, 103.7°E)” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(NO).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006). Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Probably oligolectic on a still unknown host, possibly Scrophulariaceae (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 10 pollen samples from 4 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) semilinguaria Tkalcu, 1992
1992 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) semilinguaria Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 56: 218. Type material: Holotype f, SW Iran, Pol-e-Tang, 60 km NW Andimeshk” [Iran], NMPC (Prague); paratypes ff.
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: IR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) sichuanensis Wu, 1993
1993 Hoplitis sichuanensis Wu, Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region, vol. 2, p. 1395, p. 1419. Type material: Holotype m, “Sichuan: Xiangcheng, 3000 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(SW).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006). Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) strymonia Tkalcu, 1999
1999 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) strymonia Tkalcu, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse, Janvier-Mars: 12. Type material: Holotype f, “Bulgarie mér.-occ. Sandanski” [Bulgaria], Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes ff.
Distribution-Europe: BG. Southwestern Asia: TR.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: Male unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown. The only two pollen samples available so far (from the same locality) consist of pollen of Fabaceae (e.g. Trifolium) (A. Müller, unpublished).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) submanicata Zanden, 1984
1984 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) submanicata Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 22: 180. Type material: Holotype m, “Trapani-Erice” [Italy: Sicily], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes mm, ff.
Distribution-Europe: I(Si). Northern Africa: MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Probably oligolectic on Echium (Boraginaceae) (A. Müller, unpublished, based on 2 pollen samples from 2 different localities).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) subulicornis (Morawitz, 1877)
1877 Osmia subulicornis Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 14: 42. Type material: Syntypes mm, “Nicolajewka” [Armenia], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Acanthosmia) subulicornis Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1886: 139).
Distribution-Europe: ARM.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Ducke (1900); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886). Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tenuiserrata (Benoist, 1950)
1950 Osmia tenuiserrata Benoist, Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc (Rabat), 30: 45. Type material: Holotype m, “Goulimine” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) tenuiserrata Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 111).
1950 Osmia gibbifera Benoist, Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc (Rabat), 30: 46. Type material: Holotype f, “Goulimine” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1985: 68).
Distribution-Northern Africa: MA.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 67-68).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Fabaceae (A. Müller, based on 33 pollen samples from 13 different localities and field observations).
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) testaceozonata (Alfken, 1935)
1935 Osmia testaceozonata Alfken, Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 189. Type material: Syntypes mm, ff, “Nablus, Jericho” [Palestine], ZMHB (Berlin).
Distribution-Southwestern Asia: IL.
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Zanden (1991b: 349).
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.
Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tibetensis Wu, 1987
1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tibetensis Wu, Acta Entomologica Sinica (Beijing), 30: 447, 449. Type material: Holotype m, “Xizang, Linzhi, 3050 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes mm.
Distribution-Northern Asia: RC(WP).
Identification-Keys, Descriptions: Wu (2006). Note: Female unknown.
Nesting biology: Unknown.
Flower preferences: Unknown.