{"id":53,"date":"2009-01-21T22:20:57","date_gmt":"2009-01-21T21:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpethzprd.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/?page_id=53"},"modified":"2018-08-29T19:50:12","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T18:50:12","slug":"wainia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/palaearctic-species\/wainia\/","title":{"rendered":"Genus Wainia"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/files\/2009\/09\/wainia_nest2_web.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3075\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/files\/2009\/09\/wainia_nest2_web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"433\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal\">Nest of <em>Wainia (Caposmia)<\/em> <em>atrorufa<\/em> from South Africa in a shell of <em>Trigonephrus<\/em>; the space between the outermost cell partition and the nest closure (removed) consists of a succession of partitions  built from large petal pieces. Foto S. Gess.<\/span><\/h5>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Biogeography and diversity<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The genus <em>Wainia<\/em> is distributed in the Afrotropical, the Palaearctic and marginally also in the Oriental region (Michener, 2007; Ungricht et al., 2008).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Currently, there are 11 described <em>Wainia<\/em> species worldwide, 2 of which occur in the Palaearctic. Probably 1 Palaearctic species is still undescribed (Gess and Gess, 2008; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Phylogeny and classification<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The genus <em>Wainia<\/em> is a member of the <em>Osmia<\/em> group and sister to the clade <em>Atoposmia<\/em>+<em>Ashmeadiella<\/em>+<em>Osmia<\/em>+<em>Hoplosmia<\/em> (Praz et al., 2008b). <em>Wainia<\/em> is subdivided into three subgenera (Michener, 2000, 2007), two of which occur in the Palaearctic:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em>Caposmia<\/em><\/strong> with 2 described Palaearctic species<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><strong><em>Wainiella<\/em><\/strong> with 1 probably undescribed Palaearctic species<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Nesting biology<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Information on the nesting biology is available for four Afrotropical and one Palaearctic <em>Wainia<\/em> species of the subgenus <em>Caposmia<\/em> (Kuhlmann et al., 2011; M\u00fcller et al., 2018). All five species were observed to nest in empty snail shells and to build one to several brood cells per shell. In three species, the cell partitions are constructed from several layers of large pieces of yellow-coloured petals (e.g. from <em>Grielum <\/em><em>or Asteroideae<\/em>); the space in front of the outermost cell consists of a succession of partitions built from large petal pieces followed by the nest closure, which &#8211; depending on the species &#8211; consists of leaf pulp alone or of a mixture of leaf pulp and cemented sand. In <em>Wainia elizabethae<\/em>, cell partitions and the single-walled nest plug consist of sand grains cemented together with a resinous or, more probably, salivary substance; the space between the outermost cell partition and the nest plug is filled with loose sand. (Gess and Gess, 1990, 1998, 1999, 2008; Kuhlmann et al. 2011; M\u00fcller et al., 2018; S. Gess, personal communication).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">Flower preferences<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The two Palaearctic <em>W<\/em>. (<em>Caposmia<\/em>) species have a strong affiliation to the Asteraceae, particularly to the Asteroideae and to a lesser extent also to the Carduoideae (M\u00fcller et al., 2018). However, neither species is strictly oligolectic on Asteraceae.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nest of Wainia (Caposmia) atrorufa from South Africa in a shell of Trigonephrus; the space between the outermost cell partition and the nest closure (removed) consists of a succession of partitions built from large petal pieces. Foto S. Gess. Biogeography and diversity The genus Wainia is distributed in the Afrotropical, the Palaearctic and marginally also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1092,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1092"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}