![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/files\/2009\/09\/hoplitisvillosa_cell_web.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nTwo brood cells of Hoplitis (Anthocopa) villosa<\/em> (Schenck, 1853) in a cavity between stones; the brood cells are constructed from petals, which are glued together with varying amounts of mud. Foto F. Amiet.<\/span><\/h5>\nThe species accounts contain the (1) taxonomy<\/em>, (2) the geographic distribution<\/em>, (3) literature sources for species identification<\/em> as well as a short summary of our current knowledge on (4) nesting behaviour<\/em> and (5) f<\/em>lower preferences<\/em>.<\/p>\nTaxonomy<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe species-group names are arranged alphabetically by genus and subgenus, and chronologically within each valid name. The agreement of gender of the species-group name with the generic name as requested by the Article 31.2 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature is enforced throughout the catalogue and hence the gender ending is changed if necessary. Griswold and Michener (1998) and Michener (2007) were used for the placement of the species-group taxa into the accepted genus-group taxa. <\/span>We slightly deviate from this system by following European authors in their circumscription of Osmia (Allosmia)<\/em><\/span> versus Osmia (Erythrosmia)<\/em><\/span>. In addition, we keep Hoplitis (Micreriades)<\/em><\/span> as a distinct subgenus separated from Hoplitis (Alcidamea)<\/em><\/span> and treat Nasutosmia<\/em><\/span> as a subgenus of Osmia<\/em><\/span> rather than of Hoplitis<\/em><\/span>. Furthermore, <\/span>Stenosmia<\/em><\/span> and Hoplosmia<\/em><\/span> are reduced to subgeneric rank in Hoplitis <\/em><\/span>and Osmia<\/em><\/span>, respectively, and Pseudoheriades<\/em><\/span> is removed from the osmiine bees. These deviations are justified by the results of a molecular phylogenetic study of the Osmiini (<\/span>Praz et al., 2008b)<\/span>.<\/span> In addition, i) Ceraheriades<\/em>, a former subgenus of Chelostoma<\/em>, is treated here as junior synonym of Prochelostoma<\/em> based on a recent phylogenetic analysis (Sedivy et al., 2008), ii) Exanthocopa<\/em>, a former subgenus of Hoplitis,<\/em> is synonymized with the subgenus Anthocopa<\/em> (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished), iii) Ozbekosmia<\/em>, a former subgenus of Osmia<\/em>, is synonymized with the subgenus Tergosmia<\/em> (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished), iv) the subgenera Annosmia, Bytinskia, Coloplitis<\/em> and Hoplitis<\/em> are merged into one large subgenus Hoplitis, <\/em>v) the subgenera Alcidamea, Megalosmia, Monumetha<\/em> and Prionohoplitis <\/em>are merged into one large subgenus Alcidamea<\/em> based on a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (Sedivy et al., 2013a, c), and vi) the subgenera Monosmia<\/em> and Orientosmia<\/em> are synonymized with the subgenus Osmia<\/em> based on a combined molecular and morphological phylogeny (Haider et al., 2013). <\/span>All alternative published opinions concerning synonymy, rank as well as generic and subgeneric placement are disclosed citing at least one reference (not necessarily the earliest). Extralimital genera of the Osmiini restricted to areas outside the Palaearctic and therefore not treated here are Ashmeadiella<\/em><\/span> Cockerell, Atoposmia<\/em><\/span> Cockerell, Bekilia<\/em><\/span> Benoist, Othinosmia<\/em><\/span> Michener and Xeroheriades<\/em><\/span> Griswold.<\/span><\/p>\nS<\/strong>ymbols<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\u2020<\/strong>extinct taxon<\/span><\/p>\n# <\/strong>original publication of a name not seen by the authors of the catalogue<\/span><\/p>\nm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>f <\/strong>one male\/female specimen<\/p>\nmm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>ff <\/strong>several male\/female specimens<\/p>\nm<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>m<\/strong>)\/<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>) <\/strong><\/span>male(s)\/female(s) of unknown quantity<\/span><\/p>\nCH<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong>country acronym for type localities<\/span><\/p>\nCH? <\/strong>country acronym for uncertain localities<\/span><\/p>\nCH<\/strong><\/span><\/span> country acronym for recorded localities which have been shown to be demonstrably incorrect by subsequent authors<\/p>\n[<\/strong><\/span>\u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>note by the authors of this catalogue<\/span><\/p>\n[<\/strong><\/span>= \u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>currently accepted combination of a type species<\/span><\/p>\nCollections<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\nAMNH<\/strong> American Museum of Natural History, New York United States<\/p>\nBMNH<\/strong> The Natural History Museum, London United Kingdom<\/p>\nDAAN<\/strong> Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nicosia Cyprus<\/p>\nDEI<\/strong> Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg Germany<\/p>\nDEZA<\/strong> Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria dell’Universit\u00e0, Portici Italy<\/p>\nEMET <\/strong> Ataturk Universitesi, Faculty of Agriculture, Entomology Museum, Erzurum Turkey<\/p>\nETHZ<\/strong> Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule, Entomologische Sammlung, Z\u00fcrich Switzerland<\/p>\nFMNH<\/strong> Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki Finland<\/p>\nGMUG<\/strong> Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, G\u00f6ttingen Germany<\/p>\nHNHM<\/strong> Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest Hungary<\/p>\nIEGG<\/strong> Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Istituto di Entomologia, Bologna Italy<\/p>\nISZP<\/strong> Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow Poland<\/p>\nIZCAS<\/strong> Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing China<\/p>\nKUEC<\/strong> Kyushu University, Fukuoka Japan<\/p>\nLSUK<\/strong> Linnean Society, London United Kingdom<\/p>\nMHNG<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um d’Histoire Naturelle, Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland<\/p>\nMICN<\/strong> Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales, Canary Islands, Tenerife Spain<\/p>\nMLUH<\/strong> Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t, Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie, Halle Germany<\/p>\nMNHN<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris France<\/p>\nMSDB<\/strong> Museo di Storia Naturale, Torino Italy<\/p>\nMSNG<\/strong> Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova Italy<\/p>\nMTD<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde, Dresden Germany<\/p>\nMZLS<\/strong> Mus\u00e9e Zoologique, Lausanne Switzerland<\/p>\nMZLU<\/strong> Lund University, Lund Sweden<\/p>\nNHMB<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel Switzerland<\/p>\nNHRS<\/strong> Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm Sweden<\/p>\nNMBE<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern Switzerland<\/p>\nNMPC<\/strong> National Museum (National History), Prague Czech Republic<\/p>\nNMW <\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien Austria<\/p>\nOLML<\/strong> Ober\u00f6sterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz Austria<\/p>\nOUMNH<\/strong> University Museum of Natural History, Oxford United Kingdom<\/p>\nRMNH<\/strong> Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Leiden The Netherlands<\/p>\nSEMC<\/strong> University of Kansas, Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence United States<\/p>\nSMFD<\/strong> Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main Germany<\/p>\nSMNG<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, G\u00f6rlitz Germany<\/p>\nSMNK<\/strong> Staaliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Karlsruhe Germany<\/p>\nSMNS<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Stuttgart Germany<\/p>\nSOFM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Sofia Bulgaria<\/p>\nUASK<\/strong> Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Kiev Ukraine<\/p>\nUSNM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Washington United States<\/p>\nUWCP<\/strong> University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw Poland<\/p>\nUZIU<\/strong> Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden<\/p>\nZIN<\/strong> Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg Russia<\/p>\nZMHB<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin Germany<\/p>\nZMUC<\/strong> University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen Denmark<\/p>\nZMUM<\/strong> Moscow State University, Moscow Russia<\/p>\nZSM<\/strong> Zoologische Staatssammlung, M\u00fcnchen Germany<\/p>\nGeographic distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe Palaearctic faunal region comprises the main continental landmasses of temperate Eurasia, the Arabian Peninsula and northern Africa, as well as peripheral archipelagos such as the Azores in the west and Japan to the east. For pragmatic reasons, the precise delimitation of the Palaearctic region applied in this catalogue as well as the classification into the four rather artificial subregions Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and Southwestern Asia (Figure 1) and the assessed geographical units listed below are mainly political. However, biogeographically isolated island groups such as the Canary Islands are recorded separately, even if they are not politically independent. As a shorthand, we apply the widely used international license plate codes for the areas representing independent countries. Following Lelej (2002), the large areas of Russia (RUS) and China (RC) were additionally subdivided into six and seven areas respectively (Figure 2, 3). Similarly, isolated islands or archipelagos were also attributed distinct codes as for instance E(Ca) for the Canary Islands, politically part of Spain (E). Spelling of the standardized geographical entities conforms to the Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (11th edn, 2003). The current country of historical type collection localities was inferred by reference to the Times Atlas of World History <\/span>(4th edn, 1993) in cases of doubt. We treat all indigenous taxa known to occur in this region. Most problematic in this respect are the transition zone of the Himalayan range and southern China. There are several taxa described from northwestern India <\/span>not yet recorded from the Palaearctic region as adopted in this catalogue but which might be expected to occur there (Gupta, 1993). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\nThe distributional data given for each species are based on the surveyed literature supplemented with considerable unpublished data derived from our osmiine bee database. Literature data were excluded if there was a well-founded suspicion that the species identification was incorrect. Distributional data that are assumed to be doubtful (i.e. deserving confirmation) are indicated with a question mark. Given the difficulties in identifying osmiine bees due to the poor taxonomic state and the lack of comprehensive keys, the current distributional data are expected to be incomplete and to contain errors.<\/p>\n
Taxonomy<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe species-group names are arranged alphabetically by genus and subgenus, and chronologically within each valid name. The agreement of gender of the species-group name with the generic name as requested by the Article 31.2 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature is enforced throughout the catalogue and hence the gender ending is changed if necessary. Griswold and Michener (1998) and Michener (2007) were used for the placement of the species-group taxa into the accepted genus-group taxa. <\/span>We slightly deviate from this system by following European authors in their circumscription of Osmia (Allosmia)<\/em><\/span> versus Osmia (Erythrosmia)<\/em><\/span>. In addition, we keep Hoplitis (Micreriades)<\/em><\/span> as a distinct subgenus separated from Hoplitis (Alcidamea)<\/em><\/span> and treat Nasutosmia<\/em><\/span> as a subgenus of Osmia<\/em><\/span> rather than of Hoplitis<\/em><\/span>. Furthermore, <\/span>Stenosmia<\/em><\/span> and Hoplosmia<\/em><\/span> are reduced to subgeneric rank in Hoplitis <\/em><\/span>and Osmia<\/em><\/span>, respectively, and Pseudoheriades<\/em><\/span> is removed from the osmiine bees. These deviations are justified by the results of a molecular phylogenetic study of the Osmiini (<\/span>Praz et al., 2008b)<\/span>.<\/span> In addition, i) Ceraheriades<\/em>, a former subgenus of Chelostoma<\/em>, is treated here as junior synonym of Prochelostoma<\/em> based on a recent phylogenetic analysis (Sedivy et al., 2008), ii) Exanthocopa<\/em>, a former subgenus of Hoplitis,<\/em> is synonymized with the subgenus Anthocopa<\/em> (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished), iii) Ozbekosmia<\/em>, a former subgenus of Osmia<\/em>, is synonymized with the subgenus Tergosmia<\/em> (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished), iv) the subgenera Annosmia, Bytinskia, Coloplitis<\/em> and Hoplitis<\/em> are merged into one large subgenus Hoplitis, <\/em>v) the subgenera Alcidamea, Megalosmia, Monumetha<\/em> and Prionohoplitis <\/em>are merged into one large subgenus Alcidamea<\/em> based on a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis (Sedivy et al., 2013a, c), and vi) the subgenera Monosmia<\/em> and Orientosmia<\/em> are synonymized with the subgenus Osmia<\/em> based on a combined molecular and morphological phylogeny (Haider et al., 2013). <\/span>All alternative published opinions concerning synonymy, rank as well as generic and subgeneric placement are disclosed citing at least one reference (not necessarily the earliest). Extralimital genera of the Osmiini restricted to areas outside the Palaearctic and therefore not treated here are Ashmeadiella<\/em><\/span> Cockerell, Atoposmia<\/em><\/span> Cockerell, Bekilia<\/em><\/span> Benoist, Othinosmia<\/em><\/span> Michener and Xeroheriades<\/em><\/span> Griswold.<\/span><\/p>\nS<\/strong>ymbols<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\u2020<\/strong>extinct taxon<\/span><\/p>\n# <\/strong>original publication of a name not seen by the authors of the catalogue<\/span><\/p>\nm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>f <\/strong>one male\/female specimen<\/p>\nmm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>ff <\/strong>several male\/female specimens<\/p>\nm<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>m<\/strong>)\/<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>) <\/strong><\/span>male(s)\/female(s) of unknown quantity<\/span><\/p>\nCH<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong>country acronym for type localities<\/span><\/p>\nCH? <\/strong>country acronym for uncertain localities<\/span><\/p>\nCH<\/strong><\/span><\/span> country acronym for recorded localities which have been shown to be demonstrably incorrect by subsequent authors<\/p>\n[<\/strong><\/span>\u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>note by the authors of this catalogue<\/span><\/p>\n[<\/strong><\/span>= \u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>currently accepted combination of a type species<\/span><\/p>\nCollections<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\nAMNH<\/strong> American Museum of Natural History, New York United States<\/p>\nBMNH<\/strong> The Natural History Museum, London United Kingdom<\/p>\nDAAN<\/strong> Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nicosia Cyprus<\/p>\nDEI<\/strong> Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg Germany<\/p>\nDEZA<\/strong> Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria dell’Universit\u00e0, Portici Italy<\/p>\nEMET <\/strong> Ataturk Universitesi, Faculty of Agriculture, Entomology Museum, Erzurum Turkey<\/p>\nETHZ<\/strong> Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule, Entomologische Sammlung, Z\u00fcrich Switzerland<\/p>\nFMNH<\/strong> Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki Finland<\/p>\nGMUG<\/strong> Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, G\u00f6ttingen Germany<\/p>\nHNHM<\/strong> Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest Hungary<\/p>\nIEGG<\/strong> Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Istituto di Entomologia, Bologna Italy<\/p>\nISZP<\/strong> Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow Poland<\/p>\nIZCAS<\/strong> Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing China<\/p>\nKUEC<\/strong> Kyushu University, Fukuoka Japan<\/p>\nLSUK<\/strong> Linnean Society, London United Kingdom<\/p>\nMHNG<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um d’Histoire Naturelle, Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland<\/p>\nMICN<\/strong> Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales, Canary Islands, Tenerife Spain<\/p>\nMLUH<\/strong> Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t, Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie, Halle Germany<\/p>\nMNHN<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris France<\/p>\nMSDB<\/strong> Museo di Storia Naturale, Torino Italy<\/p>\nMSNG<\/strong> Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova Italy<\/p>\nMTD<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde, Dresden Germany<\/p>\nMZLS<\/strong> Mus\u00e9e Zoologique, Lausanne Switzerland<\/p>\nMZLU<\/strong> Lund University, Lund Sweden<\/p>\nNHMB<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel Switzerland<\/p>\nNHRS<\/strong> Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm Sweden<\/p>\nNMBE<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern Switzerland<\/p>\nNMPC<\/strong> National Museum (National History), Prague Czech Republic<\/p>\nNMW <\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien Austria<\/p>\nOLML<\/strong> Ober\u00f6sterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz Austria<\/p>\nOUMNH<\/strong> University Museum of Natural History, Oxford United Kingdom<\/p>\nRMNH<\/strong> Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Leiden The Netherlands<\/p>\nSEMC<\/strong> University of Kansas, Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence United States<\/p>\nSMFD<\/strong> Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main Germany<\/p>\nSMNG<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, G\u00f6rlitz Germany<\/p>\nSMNK<\/strong> Staaliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Karlsruhe Germany<\/p>\nSMNS<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Stuttgart Germany<\/p>\nSOFM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Sofia Bulgaria<\/p>\nUASK<\/strong> Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Kiev Ukraine<\/p>\nUSNM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Washington United States<\/p>\nUWCP<\/strong> University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw Poland<\/p>\nUZIU<\/strong> Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden<\/p>\nZIN<\/strong> Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg Russia<\/p>\nZMHB<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin Germany<\/p>\nZMUC<\/strong> University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen Denmark<\/p>\nZMUM<\/strong> Moscow State University, Moscow Russia<\/p>\nZSM<\/strong> Zoologische Staatssammlung, M\u00fcnchen Germany<\/p>\nGeographic distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe Palaearctic faunal region comprises the main continental landmasses of temperate Eurasia, the Arabian Peninsula and northern Africa, as well as peripheral archipelagos such as the Azores in the west and Japan to the east. For pragmatic reasons, the precise delimitation of the Palaearctic region applied in this catalogue as well as the classification into the four rather artificial subregions Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and Southwestern Asia (Figure 1) and the assessed geographical units listed below are mainly political. However, biogeographically isolated island groups such as the Canary Islands are recorded separately, even if they are not politically independent. As a shorthand, we apply the widely used international license plate codes for the areas representing independent countries. Following Lelej (2002), the large areas of Russia (RUS) and China (RC) were additionally subdivided into six and seven areas respectively (Figure 2, 3). Similarly, isolated islands or archipelagos were also attributed distinct codes as for instance E(Ca) for the Canary Islands, politically part of Spain (E). Spelling of the standardized geographical entities conforms to the Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (11th edn, 2003). The current country of historical type collection localities was inferred by reference to the Times Atlas of World History <\/span>(4th edn, 1993) in cases of doubt. We treat all indigenous taxa known to occur in this region. Most problematic in this respect are the transition zone of the Himalayan range and southern China. There are several taxa described from northwestern India <\/span>not yet recorded from the Palaearctic region as adopted in this catalogue but which might be expected to occur there (Gupta, 1993). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\nThe distributional data given for each species are based on the surveyed literature supplemented with considerable unpublished data derived from our osmiine bee database. Literature data were excluded if there was a well-founded suspicion that the species identification was incorrect. Distributional data that are assumed to be doubtful (i.e. deserving confirmation) are indicated with a question mark. Given the difficulties in identifying osmiine bees due to the poor taxonomic state and the lack of comprehensive keys, the current distributional data are expected to be incomplete and to contain errors.<\/p>\n
S<\/strong>ymbols<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\u2020<\/strong>extinct taxon<\/span><\/p>\n# <\/strong>original publication of a name not seen by the authors of the catalogue<\/span><\/p>\nm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>f <\/strong>one male\/female specimen<\/p>\nmm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>ff <\/strong>several male\/female specimens<\/p>\nm<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>m<\/strong>)\/<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>) <\/strong><\/span>male(s)\/female(s) of unknown quantity<\/span><\/p>\nCH<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong>country acronym for type localities<\/span><\/p>\nCH? <\/strong>country acronym for uncertain localities<\/span><\/p>\nCH<\/strong><\/span><\/span> country acronym for recorded localities which have been shown to be demonstrably incorrect by subsequent authors<\/p>\n[<\/strong><\/span>\u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>note by the authors of this catalogue<\/span><\/p>\n[<\/strong><\/span>= \u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>currently accepted combination of a type species<\/span><\/p>\nCollections<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\nAMNH<\/strong> American Museum of Natural History, New York United States<\/p>\nBMNH<\/strong> The Natural History Museum, London United Kingdom<\/p>\nDAAN<\/strong> Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nicosia Cyprus<\/p>\nDEI<\/strong> Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg Germany<\/p>\nDEZA<\/strong> Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria dell’Universit\u00e0, Portici Italy<\/p>\nEMET <\/strong> Ataturk Universitesi, Faculty of Agriculture, Entomology Museum, Erzurum Turkey<\/p>\nETHZ<\/strong> Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule, Entomologische Sammlung, Z\u00fcrich Switzerland<\/p>\nFMNH<\/strong> Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki Finland<\/p>\nGMUG<\/strong> Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, G\u00f6ttingen Germany<\/p>\nHNHM<\/strong> Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest Hungary<\/p>\nIEGG<\/strong> Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Istituto di Entomologia, Bologna Italy<\/p>\nISZP<\/strong> Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow Poland<\/p>\nIZCAS<\/strong> Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing China<\/p>\nKUEC<\/strong> Kyushu University, Fukuoka Japan<\/p>\nLSUK<\/strong> Linnean Society, London United Kingdom<\/p>\nMHNG<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um d’Histoire Naturelle, Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland<\/p>\nMICN<\/strong> Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales, Canary Islands, Tenerife Spain<\/p>\nMLUH<\/strong> Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t, Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie, Halle Germany<\/p>\nMNHN<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris France<\/p>\nMSDB<\/strong> Museo di Storia Naturale, Torino Italy<\/p>\nMSNG<\/strong> Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova Italy<\/p>\nMTD<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde, Dresden Germany<\/p>\nMZLS<\/strong> Mus\u00e9e Zoologique, Lausanne Switzerland<\/p>\nMZLU<\/strong> Lund University, Lund Sweden<\/p>\nNHMB<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel Switzerland<\/p>\nNHRS<\/strong> Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm Sweden<\/p>\nNMBE<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern Switzerland<\/p>\nNMPC<\/strong> National Museum (National History), Prague Czech Republic<\/p>\nNMW <\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien Austria<\/p>\nOLML<\/strong> Ober\u00f6sterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz Austria<\/p>\nOUMNH<\/strong> University Museum of Natural History, Oxford United Kingdom<\/p>\nRMNH<\/strong> Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Leiden The Netherlands<\/p>\nSEMC<\/strong> University of Kansas, Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence United States<\/p>\nSMFD<\/strong> Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main Germany<\/p>\nSMNG<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, G\u00f6rlitz Germany<\/p>\nSMNK<\/strong> Staaliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Karlsruhe Germany<\/p>\nSMNS<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Stuttgart Germany<\/p>\nSOFM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Sofia Bulgaria<\/p>\nUASK<\/strong> Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Kiev Ukraine<\/p>\nUSNM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Washington United States<\/p>\nUWCP<\/strong> University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw Poland<\/p>\nUZIU<\/strong> Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden<\/p>\nZIN<\/strong> Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg Russia<\/p>\nZMHB<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin Germany<\/p>\nZMUC<\/strong> University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen Denmark<\/p>\nZMUM<\/strong> Moscow State University, Moscow Russia<\/p>\nZSM<\/strong> Zoologische Staatssammlung, M\u00fcnchen Germany<\/p>\nGeographic distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\nThe Palaearctic faunal region comprises the main continental landmasses of temperate Eurasia, the Arabian Peninsula and northern Africa, as well as peripheral archipelagos such as the Azores in the west and Japan to the east. For pragmatic reasons, the precise delimitation of the Palaearctic region applied in this catalogue as well as the classification into the four rather artificial subregions Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and Southwestern Asia (Figure 1) and the assessed geographical units listed below are mainly political. However, biogeographically isolated island groups such as the Canary Islands are recorded separately, even if they are not politically independent. As a shorthand, we apply the widely used international license plate codes for the areas representing independent countries. Following Lelej (2002), the large areas of Russia (RUS) and China (RC) were additionally subdivided into six and seven areas respectively (Figure 2, 3). Similarly, isolated islands or archipelagos were also attributed distinct codes as for instance E(Ca) for the Canary Islands, politically part of Spain (E). Spelling of the standardized geographical entities conforms to the Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (11th edn, 2003). The current country of historical type collection localities was inferred by reference to the Times Atlas of World History <\/span>(4th edn, 1993) in cases of doubt. We treat all indigenous taxa known to occur in this region. Most problematic in this respect are the transition zone of the Himalayan range and southern China. There are several taxa described from northwestern India <\/span>not yet recorded from the Palaearctic region as adopted in this catalogue but which might be expected to occur there (Gupta, 1993). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\nThe distributional data given for each species are based on the surveyed literature supplemented with considerable unpublished data derived from our osmiine bee database. Literature data were excluded if there was a well-founded suspicion that the species identification was incorrect. Distributional data that are assumed to be doubtful (i.e. deserving confirmation) are indicated with a question mark. Given the difficulties in identifying osmiine bees due to the poor taxonomic state and the lack of comprehensive keys, the current distributional data are expected to be incomplete and to contain errors.<\/p>\n
\u2020<\/strong>extinct taxon<\/span><\/p>\n # <\/strong>original publication of a name not seen by the authors of the catalogue<\/span><\/p>\n m<\/strong>\/<\/strong>f <\/strong>one male\/female specimen<\/p>\n mm<\/strong>\/<\/strong>ff <\/strong>several male\/female specimens<\/p>\n m<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>m<\/strong>)\/<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>(<\/strong><\/span>f<\/strong>) <\/strong><\/span>male(s)\/female(s) of unknown quantity<\/span><\/p>\n CH<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong>country acronym for type localities<\/span><\/p>\n CH? <\/strong>country acronym for uncertain localities<\/span><\/p>\n CH<\/strong><\/span><\/span> country acronym for recorded localities which have been shown to be demonstrably incorrect by subsequent authors<\/p>\n [<\/strong><\/span>\u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>note by the authors of this catalogue<\/span><\/p>\n [<\/strong><\/span>= \u2026<\/strong><\/span>] <\/strong><\/span>currently accepted combination of a type species<\/span><\/p>\n AMNH<\/strong> American Museum of Natural History, New York United States<\/p>\n BMNH<\/strong> The Natural History Museum, London United Kingdom<\/p>\n DAAN<\/strong> Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nicosia Cyprus<\/p>\n DEI<\/strong> Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg Germany<\/p>\n DEZA<\/strong> Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria dell’Universit\u00e0, Portici Italy<\/p>\n EMET <\/strong> Ataturk Universitesi, Faculty of Agriculture, Entomology Museum, Erzurum Turkey<\/p>\n ETHZ<\/strong> Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule, Entomologische Sammlung, Z\u00fcrich Switzerland<\/p>\n FMNH<\/strong> Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki Finland<\/p>\n GMUG<\/strong> Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, G\u00f6ttingen Germany<\/p>\n HNHM<\/strong> Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest Hungary<\/p>\n IEGG<\/strong> Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Istituto di Entomologia, Bologna Italy<\/p>\n ISZP<\/strong> Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Systematic Zoology, Krakow Poland<\/p>\n IZCAS<\/strong> Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing China<\/p>\n KUEC<\/strong> Kyushu University, Fukuoka Japan<\/p>\n LSUK<\/strong> Linnean Society, London United Kingdom<\/p>\n MHNG<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um d’Histoire Naturelle, Gen\u00e8ve Switzerland<\/p>\n MICN<\/strong> Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales, Canary Islands, Tenerife Spain<\/p>\n MLUH<\/strong> Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t, Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie, Halle Germany<\/p>\n MNHN<\/strong> Mus\u00e9um Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris France<\/p>\n MSDB<\/strong> Museo di Storia Naturale, Torino Italy<\/p>\n MSNG<\/strong> Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova Italy<\/p>\n MTD<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde, Dresden Germany<\/p>\n MZLS<\/strong> Mus\u00e9e Zoologique, Lausanne Switzerland<\/p>\n MZLU<\/strong> Lund University, Lund Sweden<\/p>\n NHMB<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel Switzerland<\/p>\n NHRS<\/strong> Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm Sweden<\/p>\n NMBE<\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern Switzerland<\/p>\n NMPC<\/strong> National Museum (National History), Prague Czech Republic<\/p>\n NMW <\/strong> Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien Austria<\/p>\n OLML<\/strong> Ober\u00f6sterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz Austria<\/p>\n OUMNH<\/strong> University Museum of Natural History, Oxford United Kingdom<\/p>\n RMNH<\/strong> Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Leiden The Netherlands<\/p>\n SEMC<\/strong> University of Kansas, Snow Entomological Museum, Lawrence United States<\/p>\n SMFD<\/strong> Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main Germany<\/p>\n SMNG<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, G\u00f6rlitz Germany<\/p>\n SMNK<\/strong> Staaliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Karlsruhe Germany<\/p>\n SMNS<\/strong> Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Stuttgart Germany<\/p>\n SOFM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Sofia Bulgaria<\/p>\n UASK<\/strong> Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Kiev Ukraine<\/p>\n USNM<\/strong> National Museum of Natural History, Washington United States<\/p>\n UWCP<\/strong> University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw Poland<\/p>\n UZIU<\/strong> Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden<\/p>\n ZIN<\/strong> Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg Russia<\/p>\n ZMHB<\/strong> Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin Germany<\/p>\n ZMUC<\/strong> University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen Denmark<\/p>\n ZMUM<\/strong> Moscow State University, Moscow Russia<\/p>\n ZSM<\/strong> Zoologische Staatssammlung, M\u00fcnchen Germany<\/p>\n The Palaearctic faunal region comprises the main continental landmasses of temperate Eurasia, the Arabian Peninsula and northern Africa, as well as peripheral archipelagos such as the Azores in the west and Japan to the east. For pragmatic reasons, the precise delimitation of the Palaearctic region applied in this catalogue as well as the classification into the four rather artificial subregions Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and Southwestern Asia (Figure 1) and the assessed geographical units listed below are mainly political. However, biogeographically isolated island groups such as the Canary Islands are recorded separately, even if they are not politically independent. As a shorthand, we apply the widely used international license plate codes for the areas representing independent countries. Following Lelej (2002), the large areas of Russia (RUS) and China (RC) were additionally subdivided into six and seven areas respectively (Figure 2, 3). Similarly, isolated islands or archipelagos were also attributed distinct codes as for instance E(Ca) for the Canary Islands, politically part of Spain (E). Spelling of the standardized geographical entities conforms to the Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (11th edn, 2003). The current country of historical type collection localities was inferred by reference to the Times Atlas of World History <\/span>(4th edn, 1993) in cases of doubt. We treat all indigenous taxa known to occur in this region. Most problematic in this respect are the transition zone of the Himalayan range and southern China. There are several taxa described from northwestern India <\/span>not yet recorded from the Palaearctic region as adopted in this catalogue but which might be expected to occur there (Gupta, 1993). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n The distributional data given for each species are based on the surveyed literature supplemented with considerable unpublished data derived from our osmiine bee database. Literature data were excluded if there was a well-founded suspicion that the species identification was incorrect. Distributional data that are assumed to be doubtful (i.e. deserving confirmation) are indicated with a question mark. Given the difficulties in identifying osmiine bees due to the poor taxonomic state and the lack of comprehensive keys, the current distributional data are expected to be incomplete and to contain errors.<\/p>\nCollections<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n
Geographic distribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n