{"id":140,"date":"2009-01-22T00:02:21","date_gmt":"2009-01-21T23:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpethzprd.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/?page_id=140"},"modified":"2026-05-10T07:14:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T06:14:23","slug":"helicosmia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/palaearctic-species\/osmia\/helicosmia\/","title":{"rendered":"Subgenus Helicosmia"},"content":{"rendered":"

The subgenus Helicosmia<\/em> Thomson is distributed both in the Palaearctic and the Nearctic region. It contains 73 described species, 69 of which occur in the Palaearctic.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h5>\n
Female of Osmia (Helicosmia) leaiana<\/em> (Kirby, 1802) collecting pollen on a thistle; many Helicosmia<\/em> species show a close affiliation to Asteraceae as pollen hosts. Foto A. Krebs.<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n

Species accounts<\/h3>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) adae <\/em><\/strong>Bingham, 1897<\/span><\/h3>\n

1897 Osmia adae<\/strong><\/em> Bingham, The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, vol. 1: p. 468. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “Kumaun, N.W. Himalayas” [India].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) adae<\/em> Bingham in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>PAK. <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Oriental (India<\/span>, Nepal).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Engel (2006: 126\u252c\u00a1127).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) aeruginosa <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) aeruginosa<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 26. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “s\u00fcdl. Vareg\u00f6s im Mt. Sat in 1700 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ, GR. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources recorded so far are Fabaceae, Antirrhineae and Boraginaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 3 pollen samples from 3 different localities). The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of curved bristles, which are certainly used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Antirrhineae and probably Lamiaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) alaiensis <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1994<\/span><\/h3>\n

1994 Osmia (Chalcosmia) alaiensis<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 30: 168. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Pamir-Alai, Ansob, 3000-3200 m” [Tajikistan], MTD (Dresden); paratypes mm.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>TJ<\/span>; Central Asian Ranges.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) alfken<\/em><\/strong>ii <\/em><\/strong>Ducke, 1899<\/span><\/h3>\n

1899 Osmia (Melanosmia) alfkenii<\/strong><\/em> Ducke, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 211. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Biscra” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia niveibarbis<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 64. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “M\u00e9d\u00e9nin et Foum-Tatahouin” [Tunisia], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) niveibarbis<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 125). New synonymy based on type material (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

1942 Osmia<\/em> crinita<\/em><\/strong> Alfken, Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und \u00dcbersee-Museum in Bremen, 3: 214. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Wadi Um Assad” [Egypt], ZMHB (Berlin): paratypes m, ff.-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) crinita<\/em> Alfken in Zanden (1988b: 124).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 9).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>I(Sa), I(Si). <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, LAR, MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, JOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Zanden (1989: 76). Misapplication:<\/strong> Osmia niveibarbis<\/em> sensu Warncke (1988a) is Osmia (Helicosmia) heteracantha<\/em> P\u00e9rez, 1896.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Reared from a nest of Eumenes<\/em>. Nesting material: <\/strong>Unknown.(Zanden, 1989)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Probably mesolectic on Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (e.g. Antirrhinum ramosissimum, Kickxia aegyptiaca<\/em>) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 13 pollen samples from 13 different localities and on field observations). <\/span><\/strong>The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of curved bristles, which are most probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) aquila <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) aquila<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 13. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Madensehir\/Konya, 1300 m” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:<\/strong> TM. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IRQ, JOR, RL, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) breviata <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) breviata<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 14. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Madensehir\/Konya” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AZ, GR, RUS(SR). Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IR, RL, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown. The only four pollen samples available so far (from three different localities) consist of pollen of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) brevipes <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1994<\/span><\/h3>\n

1994 Osmia (Chalcosmia) brevipes<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 26: 1115. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Sivas, G\u00fcr\u00fcn” [Turkey], Schwarz Collection (Ansfelden); paratypes m, f.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) caerulescens <\/em><\/strong>(Linnaeus, 1758)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1758 Apis caerulescens<\/strong><\/em> Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 10th<\/sup> edn, vol. 1, p. 576. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Day (1979: 54), “in Europa” [Sweden], LSUK (London).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) caerulescens<\/em> (Linnaeus) in Friese (1911b: 116).<\/p>\n

1761 Apis<\/em> aenea<\/em><\/strong> Linnaeus, Fauna Suecica, 2nd<\/sup> edn, p. 421. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, [Sweden], LSUK (London).-Synonymy in Warncke (1986: 73).<\/p>\n

1776 Apis superbus<\/strong><\/em> Harris, An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, p. 164. Type material:<\/span> f(f), [United Kingdom].-Synonymy in Warncke (1986: 112).<\/p>\n

1783 Apis muraria<\/strong><\/em> Retzius, Caroli De Geer genera et species Insectorum […], p. 60 [not seen]. Type material: <\/span>Syntypes m(m), f(f), [France].-Synonymy in Warncke (1986: 120).<\/p>\n

1785 Apis<\/em> cuprea<\/em><\/strong> Geoffroy, in: Fourcroy, Entomologia Parisiensis, vol. 2, p. 447. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [France].-Synonymy in Warncke (1986: 95).<\/p>\n

1802 Andrena<\/em> cupraria<\/em><\/strong> Walckenaer, Faune Parisienne, vol. 2, p. 107. Type material<\/span>: m(m), [France].-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 20).<\/p>\n

1864 Osmia<\/em> purpurea<\/em><\/strong> Cresson, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3: 27. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, [USA], Philadelphia.-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 20).<\/p>\n

1864 Osmia rustica <\/strong><\/em>Cresson, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 3: 37. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Apis rustica<\/em> Geoffroy, 1785]. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, [USA], Philadelphia.-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 20).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, AL, AND, ARM, AZ,B, BG, BIH, BY, <\/strong>CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba), EST, F, F(Co), FL, FIN<\/del>, GB, GE, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LT, LV, M, MD, MK, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS(CR,SR), S<\/span>, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, ET, MA, TN. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, RC, TJ, <\/em>TM, UZ. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, JOR, PAK, RL, SYR, TR. <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Nearctic (Canada, USA) [Potentially introduced], Oriental (India).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Radoszkowski (1887a: 288-289); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975c: 299, 1978: 164-167); Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. bamboo, Arundo, Phragmites, Rubus<\/em>) and drilled borings in pithy stems; insect burrows in the ground (e.g. from Odynerus, Anthophora, Colletes<\/em>); abandoned cells in exposed nests of other aculeates (e.g. Sceliphron, Hoplitis); <\/em>cavities in banks; holes and crevices in walls; glass tubes. Nesting material:<\/strong> Cell partitions and nest plug made of chewed leave material (e.g. from Alnus, Leonurus, Lotus, Malva, Medicago, <\/i>Nepeta, Onobrychis, Papaver<\/em>), <\/em>s<\/span>om<\/span>etimes chewed petals<\/span> (e.g. from <\/span>Malva, Medicago, <\/i>Onobrychis, Papaver<\/em>) <\/em>are used as well.<\/span> Irregularities in the nest burrows are lined with leaf pulp. In larger cavities, cells are irregularly arranged with cell walls partially or wholly built of masticated leaves. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1967c, 1968; Brechtel, 1986; Ferton, 1897; Friese, 1923; Gerstaecker, 1869; Grandi, 1961; Hurd, 1979; Koerber and Medler, 1958; Krombein, 1967; Malyshev, 1937; Marikovskaya, 1968; Mavromoustakis, 1948c; Medler, 1967; M\u00fcller et al., 1997; Olifir, 1980; Popov, 1967a; Romasenko, 1980; Smith, 1844; Stoeckhert, 1933; Tasei and <\/span>Picart, 1972; Westrich, 1989; Vicens, Bosch and Blas, 1993; Ivanov et al., 2019; G. Else, unpublished manuscript; G. Le Goff, personal observation) <\/span><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic, collects pollen nearly exclusively on Fabaceae (e.g. Coronilla, Hippocrepis, Lotus, Medicago, Melilotus, Onobrychis, Trifolium, Vicia<\/em>), Lamiaceae (e.g. Ajuga, Clinopodium, Glechoma, Lamium, Prunella, Salvia, Stachys, Teucrium<\/em>), Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>) and Antirrhineae (Raw, 1974; Tasei, 1976; Westrich, 1989; M\u00fcller, 1996b; A. M\u00fcller, based on 68 pollen samples from 57 different localities and on field observations). Westrich (1989) lists Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Hypericum<\/em> (Hypericaceae) and Ranunculus<\/em> (Ranunculaceae) as additional pollen hosts. The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of curved bristles, which are used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (M\u00fcller, 1996b).<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies <\/span>caerulescens <\/strong><\/em>(Linnaeus, 1758)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1758 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, AL, AND, ARM, AZ, B, BG, BIH, BY, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba), EST, F, FL, FIN<\/del>, GB, GE, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LV, M, MD, MK, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS(CR,SR), S<\/span>, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, RC, TJ, TM, UZ. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IR, JOR, PAK, RL, SYR, TR. <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Nearctic (Canada, USA) [Potentially introduced], Oriental (India).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies <\/span>cyanea <\/strong><\/em>(Fabricius, 1793)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1793 Andrena<\/em> cyanea<\/em><\/strong> Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica, vol. 2, p. 309. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1970: 8), “Habitat in Barbariae” [Algeria], ZMUC (Copenhagen).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) caerulescens cyanea<\/em> (Fabricius) in Tkalcu (1970: 8).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, MA, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (1970: 8).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) <\/em><\/strong>carinoclypearis<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1985 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1985 Osmia carinoclypearis<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Biology of the Tianshan Tumur Region, p. 146 [not seen]. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Tianshan Tumur Region, Xingjiang” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).<\/p>\n

1992 Osmia (Helicosmia) frunseensis<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 918. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Alla Arca, 50 km S Frunse” [Kyrgyzstan], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).-New synonymy based on original description (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, RC(NW)<\/span>, TJ. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown. The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) chinensis <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1889<\/span><\/h3>\n

1889 Osmia chinensis<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 24: 371. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Tkalcu (1995: 143), “Kansu Rtygry” [China], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) chinensis<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (1995: 143-145); Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) chrysaetos <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) chrysaetos<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 15. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “S Vareg\u00f6s im Mt. Sat in 1800 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown. 3 pollen samples from 3 different localities consist of pollen of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) cinerea <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) cinerea<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 17. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “25 km NW Y\u00fcksekova in 2200 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> AZ, RUS(SR). Northern Asia:<\/strong> KS, TM. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Possibly oligolectic on narrow-tubed flowers of Boraginaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 3 pollen samples from 3 different localities). The galeae of the female proboscis are densely covered with rather short, stiff and strongly curved bristles, which are most probably used to extract pollen from narrow-tubed boraginaceous flowers (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished). <\/span> Similar spe<\/span><\/strong>cialized bristles developed either on the mouthparts or on the forelegs are known to occur in many other bee taxa where they serve to extract pollen from narrow-tubed flowers (M\u00fcller, 1995, 2006; M\u00fcller and Kuhlmann, 2003; Thorp, 2000).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) clypearis <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1871<\/span><\/h3>\n

1871 Osmia clypearis<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 8: 204. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1986: 68), “Korfu” [Greece], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) clypearis<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

1979 Osmia (Chalcosmia)<\/em> macedonica<\/em><\/strong> Tkalcu, Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca (Praha), 76: 323. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Matka, Ortschaft am gleichnamigen See, ca. 10 km sww. von Skopje” [Macedonia], RMNH (Leiden); paratype f.-Synonymy in Zanden (1986: 68).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ, BG,E, GR<\/span>, MK; Caucasus. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IRQ, <\/span><\/span>JOR, RL, SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>One nest of the subspecies acuta<\/em> was detected in an empty snail shell. Nesting material: <\/strong>The nest plug consisted of masticated leaves. (A. M\u00fcller, C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal observation)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on Asteraceae; all pollen samples analysed so far consist of pollen of Carduoideae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 9 pollen samples from 7 different localities).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies <\/span>acuta <\/strong><\/em>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) clypearis acuta<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 31. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “20 km W Sarikamis\/Kars in 2150 m” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes m, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IRQ, <\/span><\/span>JOR, RL, SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> clypearis <\/strong><\/em>Morawitz, 1871<\/span><\/h3>\n

1871 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>BG, E, GR<\/span>, MK; Caucasus.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Warncke (1988a). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) <\/em><\/strong>concavoclypearis<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1985<\/span><\/h3>\n

1985 Osmia concavoclypearis<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Biology of the Tianshan Tumur Region, p. 146 [not seen]. Type material<\/span>: “Tianshan Tumur Region, Xingjiang” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, RC(NW)<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown. The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) cyanescens <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1875<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia cyanescens<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 85. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “in valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) cyanescens<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe: <\/strong>RUS<\/del>. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, TJ<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown. The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished). <\/span><\/strong>The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of curved bristles, which are probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) damascena <\/em><\/strong>P\u00e9rez, 1911<\/span><\/h3>\n

1911 Osmia Damascena<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis de Sciences Naturelles de Rouen, 47: 78. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “R\u00e9gion verdoyante de Damas” [Syria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) damascena<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>SYR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) dimidiata <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1870<\/span><\/h3>\n

1870 Osmia dimidiata<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 7: 316. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Hab. in Caucaso” [Caucasus].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) dimidiata<\/em> Morawitz in Tkalcu (1974b: 336).<\/p>\n

1887 Osmia Taurica<\/strong><\/em> Radoszkowski, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 21: 285. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Pseudosmia taurica <\/em>Radoszkowski, 1874]. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Tauria” [Ukraine], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy with female of Osmia dimidiata<\/em> Morawitz and with male of Osmia vidua<\/em> Gerstaecker in Friese (1909: 126).<\/p>\n

1899 Osmia rossica<\/strong><\/em> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 64. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia taurica<\/em> Radoszkowski, 1887 [not Pseudosmia taurica <\/em>Radoszkowski, 1874].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) dimidiata<\/em> rossica<\/em> Friese in Tkalcu (1975c: 308).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 34).<\/p>\n

2005 Osmia dimidiata assomatosana <\/span><\/em>Le Goff, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 110: 437. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Assomatos” [Greece: Crete], MNHN (Paris); paratypes ff.-New synonymy (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AL, ARM, AZ, BG,E, F, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), I, I(Sa), I(Si), MK, P, RO, RUS(SR), UA(Crimea); Caucasus<\/span>. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>MA. Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, TM. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, RL, TR. <\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975c, 1979: 323-324).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites<\/em>) <\/span><\/em>with a cavity diameter of 4-10mm, mostly 6-7mm; <\/span><\/em>abandoned cells of nests of other aculeates (Sceliphron destillatorium, Megachile ericetorum, Osmia bicornis<\/em>)<\/span><\/em>. Nests contain 1-9, mostly 1-2 brood cells. In linear cavities, the brood cells are often separated by large gaps, these gaps are sometimes divided up by additional partitions and most of the cells have a solid bottom partition, all suggesting that the typical natural nesting sites of O. dimidiata<\/i> are abandoned single cells in nests of other aculeates rather than linear cavities. Nesting material: <\/strong>Masticated leaves (e.g. from Lawsonia<\/em>). Life cycle:<\/b> The species overwinters as imago. Cleptoparasites<\/b>: Sapyga quinquepunctata<\/i>, Stelis phaeoptera<\/i>. (Alfken, 1934; Ivanov et al., 2013, 2019)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Asteraceae; all pollen samples analysed so far consist of pollen of Carduoideae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 22 pollen samples from 19 different localities and on field observations), <\/span><\/strong>suggesting that species of Carduoideae are by far the main or even the exclusive pollen hosts. Flower records: Centaurea, Inula, Onopordum<\/i> (Ivanov et al., 2013).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) diomedia <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) diomedia<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 11. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “s\u00fcdl. Beyt\u00fcssebap in 1300 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratype m.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) dlabolae <\/em><\/strong>Tkalcu, 1978<\/span><\/h3>\n

1978 Osmia (Diceratosmia) dlabolae<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Casopis Slezskeho Muzea Opava (A), 27: 162. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “C. Anat. Darende, 1250 m” [Turkey], NMPC (Prague).-Combination Osmia (Caerulosmia) dlabolae<\/em> Tkalcu in Zanden (1988b: 123). Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) dlabolae<\/em> Tkalcu in Warncke (1992b: 917).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> GR?. Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL?, SYR?, TR<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Zanden (1991a). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) dusmeti <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1998<\/span><\/h3>\n

1998 Osmia (Chalcosmia) dusmeti<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 30: 525. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Canizal” [Spain], RMNH (Leiden).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) gulmargensis <\/em><\/strong>Nurse, 1903<\/span><\/h3>\n

1903 Osmia gulmargensis<\/strong><\/em> Nurse, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London), ser. 7, 11: 545. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Kashmir, near Gulmarg, between 8000 and 9000 feet” [India].<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>PAK. <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Oriental (India).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Sardar et al. (2024). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) gutturalis <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) gutturalis<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 21. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “s\u00fcdl. Vareg\u00f6s im Mt. Sat in 2000 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

1992 Osmia (Chalcosmia) milenae<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 56: 225. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Mus” [Turkey], EMET (Erzurum); paratypes mm.-New synonymy based on type material (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IR, IRQ, RL, TK <\/u>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>The only two pollen samples available so far (from the same locality) consist of pollen of Moluccella laevis<\/em> (Lamiaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished). The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on clypeus and frons composed of curved bristles, which are most probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and possibly also Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) haemorrhoa <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1886<\/span><\/h3>\n

1886 Osmia haemorrhoa<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 20: 216. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Keria-Gebirge 9000′” [China], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) haemorrhoa<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC(NW)<\/span>, RC(WP). <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Oriental (India).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Tkalcu (1995: 142-143); Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) heliaca <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) heliaca<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 16. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “s\u00fcdl. Vareg\u00f6s im Mt. Sat in 2000 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementar P\u00e9rez y or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) heteracantha <\/em><\/strong>P\u00e9<\/span>rez, 1895<\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Osmia heteracantha<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 12. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1996b: 884), “T\u00e9niet” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) sogdiana<\/em> heteracantha<\/em> in Warncke (1988a: 25), rejected by Zanden (1996b: 884). Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) heteracantha<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

1908 Osmia tarfensis<\/strong><\/em> Saunders, Transactions of the Entomological Society London, 1908: 246. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes ff, “Le Tarf” [Algeria], BMNH (London).-Synonymy with Osmia cinctella<\/em> Dours in Tkalcu (1977b: 232), rejected by Warncke (1988a: 23). Synonymy with Osmia niveibarbis <\/em>P\u00e9rez, 1902 in Warncke (1988a: 23).<\/p>\n

1988 Osmia ardeola<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 19 [as Osmia are<\/em>deola<\/em>, rejected by Blank and Kraus (1994: 732)]. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Alcoutin\/Algarve” [Portugal], OLML (Linz); paratypes ff.-Synonymy in Zanden (1996b: 884).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E, I, I(Sa), I(Si), P. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, MA, TN.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in the ground; abandoned cells in exposed nests of Hoplitis. <\/em>Nesting material:<\/strong> Nest plug, cell partitions and cell walls entirely built from leaf pulp, sometimes mixed with chewed petals. (C. Sedivy, C. Praz and A. M\u00fcller, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably mesolectic on Fabaceae, Boraginaceae (Echium<\/em>) and Lamiaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 6 pollen samples from 4 different localities and the pollen content of 6 brood cells of two nests from the same locality). The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on clypeus and frons composed of curved bristles, which are most probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and possibly Antirrhineae as well (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) indigotea <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1875<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia indigotea<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 86. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “prope Samarkand” [Uzbekistan].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) indigotea<\/em> Morawitz in Tkalcu (1969a: 334).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>TM, UZ<\/span>.<\/em> Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>AFG, IRQ.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Engel (2006: 126-127); Morawitz (1880: 382); Radoszkowski (1887a: 291); Tkalcu (1969a: 334-35); Warncke (1992b: 918).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) inflatipes <\/em><\/strong>M\u00fcller & Wood, 2025<\/span><\/h3>\n

2025 Osmia (Helicosmia) inflatipes <\/strong><\/em>M\u00fcller & Wood, Zootaxa, 5631: 100. Type material<\/u>: Holotype m, \u201eThessaly: Platania\/Volos\u201c [Greece], ETH (Zurich)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>GR<\/span><\/u>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) jacoti <\/em><\/strong>Cockerell, 1929<\/span><\/h3>\n

1929 Osmia (Chalcosmia) jacoti<\/strong><\/em> Cockerell, The Entomologist (London), 62: 205. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes ff, “Tsinan” [China], USNM (Washington).<\/p>\n

1973 Osmia (Chalcosmia) imaii<\/strong><\/em> Hirashima, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 18: 64. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Himeji City, Hyogo Pref.” [Japan], KUEC (Fukuoka); paratypes mm, ff.-Synonymy in Wu (2006: 60).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>J, RC<\/span>, RC(NO), ROK.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect borings in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites<\/em>, bamboo, straw tubes). Nesting material: <\/strong>Cell partitions and plug are made of chewed leaves. (Hirashima, 1973; Maeta, 1978)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) kirgisiana <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1994<\/span><\/h3>\n

1994 Osmia (Chalcosmia) kirgisiana<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 26: 1120. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Issyk-Kub, M. Azhargyvuak” [Kyrgyzstan], ZMUM (Moscow); paratypes ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS<\/span>, KZ, TJ, UZ.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) labialis <\/em><\/strong>P\u00e9rez, 1879<\/span><\/h3>\n

1879 Osmia labialis<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 182. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975c: 311), “Hautes et Basses-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es” [France], MNHN (Paris).- Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) labialis<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Tkalcu (1975c: 311).-Synonymy with Osmia leaiana<\/em> (Kirby) in Benoist (1931: 29), rejected by Tkalcu (1975c: 311). Synonymy with Osmia melanogaster<\/em> Spinola in Warncke (1986: 74) and in Schwarz et al. (1996: 124), rejected by Rasmont et al. (1995: 51).<\/p>\n

1975 Osmia (Chalcosmia) labialis tornensis<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke, 39: 312. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Slowakischer Karst, Turna n. Bodvou, in der N\u00e4he von \u2018Sedielko’, ca. 400 m” [Slovakia], Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes mm, ff.-Synonymy with Osmia melanogaster<\/em> Spinola in Warncke (1988a: 29). New synonymy (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, ARM, AZ, BG, CH, D, E, F<\/span>, FL, GR, I, MK, P, SK. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>LAR, MA, TN. Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL, RL.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Herrmann (2005); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975c).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-<\/strong>Nesting site: <\/b>Possibly in crevices and cavities in rocks and stones as suggested by the species\u2019 exclusive occurrence in rocky and stony habitats and the observation of females entering and leaving a holey stone wall of an old house and a scree slope. <\/span>Nesting material:<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>Unknown. (Wiesbauer, 2023; <\/span>Sill\u00f3 & M\u00fcller, 2024; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/b>Nesting material:<\/strong> Unknown. (Wiesbauer, 2023; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae with a near exclusive preference for Carduoideae; pollen of Cichorioideae and Asteroideae is only very rarely collected (Amiet et al., 2004; Herrmann, 2010; Kraus, 2010; M\u00fcller, 2018b). Flower records: Carduus defloratus<\/em>, Centaurea scabiosa<\/em> (Herrmann, 2010; Kraus, 2010; Sill\u00f3 & M\u00fcller, 2024).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) laticella <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1986<\/span><\/h3>\n

1899 Osmia laticeps<\/strong><\/em>Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 64. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia laticeps <\/em>Thomson, 1872]. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Tourrah” [Egypt], ZMHB (Berlin).<\/p>\n

1986 Osmia (Diceratosmia) laticella<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 24: 73. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia laticeps<\/em> Friese, 1899 [not Osmia laticeps <\/em>Thomson, 1872].-Combination Osmia (Caerulosmia) laticella<\/em> Zanden in Zanden (1988b: 123).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>ET<\/span>. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Mavromoustakis (1956a: 857); Zanden (1991a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Mesolectic on Brassicaceae and Fabaceae (e.g., Genisteae) with a distinct preference for Brassicaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 24 pollen samples from 10 different localities). Flower records: Zilla spinosa<\/em>.
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) lazulina <\/em><\/strong>Benoist, 1928<\/span><\/h3>\n

1928 Osmia lazulina<\/strong><\/em> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 1928: 108. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1970: 8), “Sfax” [Tunisia], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) lazulina<\/em> Benoist in Tkalcu (1970: 8).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, LAR, MA, TN<\/span>. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (1970: 8-9); Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>The only three pollen sample available so far (from two different localities) consist of pollen of Fabaceae and Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished). The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on clypeus and frons composed of curved bristles, which are probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of e.g. Lamiaceae or Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) leaiana <\/em><\/strong>(Kirby, 1802)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1785 Apis<\/em> hirta<\/em><\/strong> Geoffroy, in: Fourcroy, Entomologia Parisiensis, vol. 2, p. 444. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Apis hirta <\/em>Schrank, 1781]. Type material<\/span>: m(m), [France].<\/p>\n

1802 Apis leaiana<\/strong><\/em> Kirby, Monographia Apum Angliae, vol. 2, p. 263. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975c: 309), [United Kingdom], BMNH (London).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) leaiana <\/em>(Kirby) in Tkalcu (1975c: 309).-Synonymy with Osmia fulviventris<\/em> (Panzer) in Dalla Torre (1896: 395). Synonymy with Osmia ventralis<\/em> (Panzer) in Warncke (1988a: 30), rejected by \u00f4zbek and Zanden (1992a: 27) and by Schwarz et al.<\/em> (1996: 123).<\/p>\n

1853 Osmia<\/em> atra<\/em><\/strong> Schenck, Jahrb\u00fccher des Vereins f\u00fcr Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, 9: 182. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Germany].-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975c: 309).<\/p>\n

1868 Osmia<\/em> confusa<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 6: 38. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Russia], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) confusa<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 20 [886]).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975c: 309).<\/p>\n

1870 Osmia<\/em> Solskyi<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 7: 317. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Russia].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) solskyi<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 20 [886]).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975c: 309).<\/p>\n

1872 Osmia truncatula<\/strong><\/em> Thomson, Skandinaviens Hymenoptera, vol. 2, p. 239. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975c: 311), “Lund” [Sweden], MZLU (Lund).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) leaiana truncatula<\/em> Thomson in Tkalcu (1975c: 311).-Synonymy with Osmia ventralis<\/em> (Panzer) in Warncke (1988a: 30).<\/p>\n

1879 Osmia<\/em> bidens<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 181. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Hautes et Basses-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, jusqu’\u00e0 une altitude de 11 \u00e0 1200 m” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975c: 309).<\/p>\n

1924 Osmia<\/em> forsii<\/em><\/strong> Alfken, Notulae Entomologicae (Helsinki), 4: 37. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Lojo (S\u00fcdfinnland)” [Finland], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy with Osmia ventralis<\/em> (Panzer) in Peters (1970b: 196).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, AND, ARM, AZ, B, BG, BIH, BY, <\/strong>CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba)?, EST, F, FIN, FL, GB<\/span>, GE, GR, H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LT, LV, N, NL, MK, P, PL, RO, RUS(CR,SR), S, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, MA, TN. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KZ, RUS(WS,ES,FS). Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IR, IRQ, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Radoszkowski (1887a: 289-290); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975c).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites<\/em>) and drilled borings in pithy stems; holes in stones and walls. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of chewed leaves (e.g. from Rosa<\/em>). (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Friese, 1923; Gr\u00fcnwaldt, 1939; Malyshev, 1937; M\u00fcller et al., 1997; Romasenko, 1980; Westrich, 1989; Ivanov et al., 2019; G. Else, unpublished manuscript)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae; host plants include members of the Carduoideae and the Cichorioideae and rarely of the Asteroideae as well (Amiet et al., 2004; M\u00fcller et al., 2007; Raw, 1974; Westrich, 1989; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 14 pollen samples from 11 different localities, on the pollen content of 5 brood cells from 2 nests and on field observations).<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> leaiana <\/strong><\/em>(Kirby, 1802)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1802 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, AND, ARM, AZ, B, BG, BY, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba)?, EST, F, FIN, FL, GB<\/span>, GE, GR, H, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LV, N, NL, MK, P, PL, RO, RUS(CR,SR), S, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, TN. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KZ, RUS(WS,ES,FS). Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IR, IRQ, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> schachti <\/strong><\/em>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) ventralis schachti<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 31. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Oukaimeden in 2500 m\/Hoher Atlas” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) livida <\/em><\/strong>Tkalcu, 1978<\/span><\/h3>\n

1978 Osmia (Chalcosmia) livida<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Casopis Slezskeho Muzea Opava (A), 27: 163. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Bayburt” [Turkey], EMET (Erzurum); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong> The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Hedysareae (Fabaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) maracandica <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1894<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia robusta<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 90. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Heriades robustus<\/em>Nylander, 1848]. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “prope Samarkand” [Uzbekistan], ZMUM (Moscow).<\/p>\n

1894 Osmia maracandica<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 28: 28. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia robusta<\/em> Morawitz, 1875 [not Heriades robustus <\/em>Nylander, 1848].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) maracandica<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 125).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>UZ<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) mediana <\/em><\/strong>Engel, 2006<\/span><\/h3>\n

2006 Osmia (Helicosmia) mediana<\/strong><\/em> Engel, Acta Entomologica Slovenica, 14: 124. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Tehran Province, Karaj, ca. 1200 m” [Iran], SEMC (Lawrence); paratype f.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) melanogaster <\/em><\/strong>Spinola, 1808<\/span><\/h3>\n

1808 Osmia melanogaster<\/strong><\/em> Spinola, Insectorum Liguriae, vol. 2, p. 63. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975: 314), [Italy], MSDB (Torino).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) melanogaster <\/em>Spinola in Tkalcu (1975c: 314). Combination Osmia (Melanosmia) melanogaster<\/em> Spinola in Wu (2006: 73).<\/p>\n

1872 Osmia<\/em> aterrima<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K\u00f6niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 22: 357. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “S\u00fcdtirol” [Italy].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) aterrima<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 20 [886]).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975c: 314).<\/p>\n

1872 Osmia carniolica<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K\u00f6niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 22: 358. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Krain” [Slovenia], NMW (Wien).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia)<\/em>melanogaster carniolica<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1983: 134).-Synonymy in Warncke (1986: 73).<\/p>\n

1876 Osmia<\/em> incerta<\/em><\/strong> Radoszkowski, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 12: 113. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1991b: 353), “Egypt.” [Egypt], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) incerta<\/em> Radoszkowski in Zanden (1988b: 124).-Synonymy with Osmia (Helicosmia) notata<\/em> (Fabricius) in Friese (1909: 126) and in Warncke (1988a: 26), rejected by Zanden (1991b: 353). Synonymy with Osmia melanogaster<\/em> Spinola in Zanden (1991b: 353).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, ARM, AZ, BG, CZ, D<\/del>, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), H, HR, I<\/span>, I(Si), MK, P, RO, RUS(SR), SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea); Caucasus. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, ET, LAR, MA, TN. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC?. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, IRQ, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931, as Osmia notata<\/em>); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975c); Wu (2006); Zanden (1983: 134).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells (e.g. Helix, Zonites<\/em>) in the herb or in fissures of stone walls with several cells per shell; insect burrows in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. Phragmites<\/em>). Nesting material: Cell p<\/span>artitions and nest plug are made of chewed leaves (e.g. from Malva<\/em>). (Ferton, 1892; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Ivanov et al., 2019; S. Werner, personal communication) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 55 pollen samples from 38 different localities and on field observations).<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> melanogaster <\/strong><\/em>Spinola, 1808<\/span><\/h3>\n

1808 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, ARM, AZ, BG, CZ, D, F, F(Co), GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), H, HR, I<\/span>, MK, RO, RUS(SR), SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea); Caucasus. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IR, IRQ, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> subaenea <\/strong><\/em>P\u00e9rez, 1895<\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Osmia subaenea<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 11. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975c: 315), [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) subaena<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Tkalcu (1975c: 315). Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) melanogaster subaenea<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1988a: 29).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe: <\/strong>E, E(Ba), I(Si), P. Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, LAR, MA, TN.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (1975a: 183, 1975c).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) microdonta <\/em><\/strong>Cockerell, 1931<\/span><\/h3>\n

1931 Osmia (Chalcosmia) microdonta<\/strong><\/em> Cockerell, American Museum Novitates, 466: 1. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Z\u00f2-S\u00e8” [China], AMNH (New York).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC(CE)<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) nasoproducta <\/em><\/strong>Ferton, 1909<\/span><\/h3>\n

1909 Osmia nasoproducta<\/strong><\/em> Ferton, Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 78: 406. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Bonifacio” [France: Corsica], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) nasoproducta<\/em> Ferton in Zanden (1985: 69). Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) nasoproducta<\/em> Ferton in Zanden (1994a: 171).<\/p>\n

1950 Osmia<\/em> proboscidea<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 55: 101. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Moyen Atlas, Ifrane” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Aceratosmia) proboscidea<\/em> Benoist in Zanden (1985: 69).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 35).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E, F, F(Co)<\/span>, I(Sa), P. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>MA.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Benoist (1931); Zanden (1985: 69); Le Goff (2017a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Mesolectic on Cistaceae and Asteraceae (Carduoideae, Cichorioideae) with a distinct preference for Cistus<\/em>. (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 9 pollen samples from 7 different localities and on field observations by I. Raemakers and A. M\u00fcller). Flower records: Cistus ladanifer<\/em> (Le Goff, 2017a; label records).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) niveata <\/em><\/strong>(Fabricius, 1804)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1798 Apis fulviventris<\/strong><\/em> Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, 56: 18. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Apis fulviventris <\/em>Scopoli, 1763]. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Germany]. Type species<\/span> of Chalcosmia<\/em> Schmiedeknecht.-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) fulviventris<\/em> (Panzer) in Tkalcu (1974b: 336).<\/p>\n

1804 Anthophora niveata<\/strong><\/em> Fabricius, Systema Piezatorum, p. 377. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1970: 4), “Habitat in Algier Dom. de Rehbinder” [Algeria], ZMUC (Copenhagen).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) fulviventris niveata<\/em> (Fabricius) in Tkalcu (1970: 3).<\/p>\n

1809 Osmia<\/em> fulvicornis <\/em><\/strong>Latreille, Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, vol. 4, p. 164. Spelling Mistake in place of Osmia fulviventris<\/em> (Panzer) in Dalla Torre (1896: 396).<\/p>\n

1879 Osmia<\/em> minuta<\/em><\/strong> Bramson, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Imp\u00e9riale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 54: 292. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Jekaterinoslaw” [Ukraine].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) minuta<\/em> Bramson in Zanden (1988b: 125). -Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 33).<\/p>\n

1886 Osmia Sieversi<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 20: 74. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Borshom” [Georgia], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) sieversi<\/em> Morawitz in Tkalcu (1975c: 307). Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) fulviventris sieversi<\/em> Morawitz in Warncke (1988a: 33).-Synonymy in Schwarz et al.<\/em> (1996: 125).<\/p>\n

1887 Osmia<\/em> carneiventris<\/em><\/strong> Dours, in: Radoszkowski, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 21: 286. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Crim\u00e9e” [Ukraine], ISZP (Krakow).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1970: 3).<\/p>\n

1914 Osmia<\/em> fulviventris albiscopa<\/strong><\/em> Alfken, M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique Belgique, 22: 202. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Alger” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1970: 3).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, AL, ARM, AZ, B, BG, BY, <\/strong>CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), GB, GE, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LT, LV, MK, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS(CR,SR), S, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>,E(Ca), ET, LAR, MA, P(Azores,Ma), TN. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC?; Turkestan. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, IRQ, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Peters (1975: 54, 55); Radoszkowski (1887a: 290); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975a: 183, 1975c); Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. Arundo<\/em>, Phragmites<\/em>) and drilled borings in pithy stems; cavities and holes in rocks, stones or walls; hole in a large key; glass tubes. Nesting material: Cell partitions and nest plug are made of chewed leaves (e.g. from Phlomis, Malva<\/em>). (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Brechtel, 1986; Ferton, 1892; Friese, 1923; Stoeckhert, 1933; Vicens, Bosch and Blas, 1993; Westrich, 1989; Ivanov et al., 2019; G. Le Goff, personal observation)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae with a distinct preference for Carduoideae (Amiet et al., 2004; Westrich, 1989; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 47 pollen samples from 32 different localities).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) ocularis <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) ocularis<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 7. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Altin Daglari (= Suvari-Halil-Pass)\/Hakkari in 2600-3000 m” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) ocularis<\/em> Warncke in Zanden (1994b: 1115).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) onocrotala <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) onocrotala<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 32. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “20 km W Sarikamis in 2200 m\/Kars” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) onocrotala<\/em> Warncke in Zanden (1996a: 389).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) orientalis <\/em><\/strong>Benoist, 1929<\/span><\/h3>\n

1929 Osmia orientalis<\/strong><\/em> Benoist, Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 98: 142. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Nippon moyen: Kofou” [Japan], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) orientalis<\/em> Benoist in Zanden (1985: 60).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>J<\/span>, RUS(FS).<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Hirashima (1973: 66); Romankova (1984; 1995); Yasumatsu and Hirashima (1950).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: only empty snail shells (e.g. Euhadra, Satsuma<\/em>) with up to 10 cells per shell. Nesting material: The cell partitions, which are not fully closed with the exception of the outermost partition, are made of chewed leaves (e.g. from Rosa<\/em>). The nest plug is lacking, the last cell partition is complete and thickened. (Kandori et al., 2010; Maeta, 1978)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic (Quest, 2009) with a distinct preference for Galeopsis ladanum<\/em> (Lamiaceae) (T. Romankova, personal communication). The females possess a specialized pilosity on the clypeus, which is most probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) palmyrae <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1998<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1998 Osmia (Chalcosmia) palmyrae<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 30: 525. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Palmyra, 400 m” [Syria], RMNH (Leiden); paratype m.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>SYR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) pennata <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) pennata<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 13. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Sertavul\/Icel, 1400 m” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes m, f.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia<\/strong>: IL, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) peregrina <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) peregrina<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 12. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Birecik\/Urfa” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratype f.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) pieli <\/em><\/strong>Cockerell, 1931 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1931 Osmia (Chalcosmia) pieli<\/strong><\/em> Cockerell, American Museum Novitates, 466: 2. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Z\u00f2-S\u00e8” [China], AMNH (New York).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC(CE)<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Hirashima (1973: 66); Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) sardoa <\/em><\/strong>M\u00fcller & Wood, 2025<\/span><\/h3>\n

2025 Osmia (Helicosmia) sardoa <\/strong><\/em>M\u00fcller & Wood, Zootaxa, 5631: 101. Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201eSardinia: Cala Fuili, 30 m\u201c [Italy], ETH (Zurich)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>I(Sa)<\/span><\/u>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) satoi <\/em><\/strong>Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1950<\/span><\/h3>\n

1950 Osmia (Cryptosmia) satoi<\/strong><\/em> Yasumatsu & Hirashima, Mushi (Fukuoka), 24: 14. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Suigen, Central Korea” [South Korea], KUEC (Fukuoka). Type species<\/span> of Cryptosmia<\/em> Yasumatsu & Hirashima.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC, ROK<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) saxatilis <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) saxatilis<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 5. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “20 km W Karakurt im Arastal, 1600 m” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> AZ. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, JOR, RL, SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen hosts recorded so far include Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 17 pollen samples from 6 different localities). <\/span><\/strong>The females possess curved bristles on clypeus and frons, which are most probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and possibly Antirrhineae as well (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) <\/em><\/strong>shaanxiensis<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 2004<\/span><\/h3>\n

2004 Osmia shaanxiensis<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29: 533. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Shaanxi, Hanzhong Dongzhi (33\u252c\u2591N, 107\u252c\u2591E)” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC(NO)<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) simplex <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1875<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia simplex<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 83. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “in valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) simplex<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 125).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, TJ<\/span>, TM, UZ.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Morawitz (1894: 26-27).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown. The only two pollen samples available so far consist of pollen of Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) sponsa <\/em><\/strong>Nurse, 1904<\/span><\/h3>\n

1904 Osmia<\/em> sponsa<\/em><\/strong> Nurse, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15: 573. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1969a: 333), “Quetta” [Pakistan], BMNH (London); paralectotype m.-Combination Osmia (Diceratosmia) sponsa<\/em> Nurse in Tkalcu (1969a: 333). Combination Osmia (Caerulosmia) sponsa<\/em> Nurse in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>TM, UZ. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>PAK<\/span>. <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Oriental (India).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (1969a: 334-335); Zanden (1991a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) subcornuta <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1875<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia subcornuta<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 79. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1986: 73), “Mundanay, in valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan], ZMUM (Moscow).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) subcornuta<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 125).<\/p>\n

1891 Osmia rubicola<\/strong><\/em> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 17: 257. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1986: 73), “Triest” [Italy], “Fiume” [Croatia], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotype m.-Synonymy in Zanden (1986: 73).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ, BG, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), HR, I, MK. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, TJ<\/span>, <\/em>TM, UZ. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IR, IRQ, JOR, RL, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: hollow stems (e.g. Rubus, Echium<\/em>). Nesting material: Cell partitions are made of chewed leaves. (Friese, 1891, 1923; Graeffe, 1902; Marikovskaya, 1995)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Polylectic with a preference for Fabaceae; other pollen sources include Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae), Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 24 pollen samples from 16 different localities). <\/span><\/strong>The females possess curved bristles on the clypeus, which are most probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) subtersa <\/em><\/strong>Cockerell, 1930<\/span><\/h3>\n

1930 Osmia (Chalcosmia) subtersa<\/strong><\/em> Cockerell, The Entomologist (London), 63: 83. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, “Tsinan” [China].<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC(NO)<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) torquata <\/em><\/strong>Warncke, 1988<\/span><\/h3>\n

1988 Osmia (Helicosmia) torquata<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Entomofauna (Ansfelden), 9: 8. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Suvari-Halil-Pass in 2800 m\/Hakkari” [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

aurulenta<\/em> species group<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) aurulenta <\/em><\/strong>(Panzer, 1799)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1799 Apis aurulenta<\/strong><\/em> Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, 63: 22. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Habitat Viennae Austr.” [Austria]. Type species<\/span> of Helicosmia<\/em> Thomson.-Combination Osmia tunensis aurulenta<\/em> (Panzer) in Warncke (1988a: 10), rejected by Schwarz et al. (1996: 121).<\/p>\n

1801 Apis<\/em> haematoda<\/em><\/strong> Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, 81: 20. Type material<\/span>: m(m), [Germany].-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1974b: 337).<\/p>\n

1841 Osmia<\/em> marginella<\/em><\/strong> Lepeletier, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8res, vol. 2, p. 320 [not seen]. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 176), “D\u00e9partement des Landes, environs de Paris” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1974b: 337).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A<\/span>, AL, AND, ARM, AZ, B, BG, BIH, BY, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, E(Ba), F, F(Co), FL, GB, GE, GR, H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), IRL, L, LT, M, MD, MK, N, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS(NR,CR,SR), S, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IR, RL, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Alfken (1914: 198-199); Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Radoszkowski (1887a: 291); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1970: 10); Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of medium to large size (e.g. Arianta, Cepaea, Crepidula, Helix, <\/em>fossil Paludina<\/em>, rarely Helicella<\/em>) with up to 17, but mostly 4-5 cells. Reports that females nest in dead wood and perpendicular sand banks (Smith, 1844), burrows in the ground (Saunders, 1896) or nest in Rubus<\/em> stems (Fabr in Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001) or in stone crevices (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001) need confirmation. The recent discovery of nests in metallic machine gun cartridges (Olds, 2025) indeed suggests that the species is more flexible in its nest site selection and occasionally colonizes preexisting cavities other than empty snail shells. <\/span>Nesting material: <\/strong>Cell partitions and plug made of chewed leaves (e.g. from Fragaria, Helianthemum, Glaucium, Sanguisorba, Ononis, Salix<\/em>). In large shells, the cells are sometimes arranged side by side with the cell walls partially consisting of leaf pulp. The shell surface is plastered with patches of leaf pulp. After nest closure, the shell is neither turned nor moved. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Bellmann, 1981; Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1971; Ferton, 1892; Friese, 1923; Mar\u00e9chal, 1926; M\u00fcller et al., 1997; O’Toole and Raw, 1991; Saunders, 1896; Smith, 1844; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989; G. Else, unpublished manuscript; G. Le Goff, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Polylectic with a preference for Fabaceae (e.g. Chameaspartium, Genista, Hippocrepis, Lathyrus, Lotus, Lupinus, Medicago, Melilotus, Onobrychis, Ononis, Tetragonolobus, Trifolium, Vicia<\/em>) and Lamiaceae (e.g. Ajuga, Glechoma, Lamium, Salvia, Stachys, Teucrium<\/em>); other pollen sources include Antirrhineae, Cistaceae (e.g. Helianthemum<\/em>), Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>) and Polygalaceae (Westrich, 1989; M\u00fcller, 1996b; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 47 pollen samples from 36 different localities and on field observations). Westrich (1989) lists Asteraceae and Plantago<\/em> (Plantaginaceae) as additional pollen hosts. <\/span><\/strong>The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of curved bristles, which are used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (M\u00fcller, 1996b). Flower records: Hedysarum tauricum<\/em> (Fateryga, 2017).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) tunensis <\/em><\/strong>(Fabricius, 1787)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1787 Apis tunensis<\/strong><\/em> Fabricius, Mantissa Insectorum, vol. 1, p. 304. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1970: 10), “Habitat in Barbariae Tunis” [Tunisia], ZMUC (Copenhagen).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) tunensis<\/em> (Fabricius) in Friese (1911b: 87).<\/p>\n

1790 Apis tunetana<\/strong><\/em> Gmelin, Caroli a Linn\u00e9 systema naturae […], edn. 13, vol. 1, p. 2773 [not seen].-Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1896: 413).<\/p>\n

1873 Osmia<\/em> pseudo-aurulenta<\/em><\/strong> Dours, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqu\u00e9, ser. 3, 1: 294. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Alg\u00e9rie” [Algeria], Dours Collection, presumed destroyed (Zanden 1990: 52).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 9) and in Zanden (1988b: 125).<\/p>\n

1894 Osmia<\/em> aurulenta<\/em> meridionalis<\/em><\/strong> Gribodo, Bullettino della Societ\u00e0 Entomologica Italiana, 26: 99. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes ff, “Algeria” [Algeria].-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 9).<\/p>\n

1899 Osmia<\/em> dissimilis<\/em><\/strong> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 63. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Algerien” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy with Osmia pseudoaurulenta<\/em> Dours in Alfken (1914: 198). Synonymy with Osmia tunensis<\/em> (Fabricius) in Alfken (1914: 198).<\/p>\n

Distribution-<\/strong>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, ET, LAR, MA, TN<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Alfken (1914: 198-199); Ducke (1900); Tkalcu (1970: 10); Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells (e.g. Helix<\/em>). Nesting material:<\/strong> Unknown. (Alfken, 1914)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Polylectic; pollen hosts recorded so far are Fabaceae, Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>) and Lamiaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 5 pollen samples from 3 different localities). <\/span><\/strong>The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of curved bristles, which are probably used to comb pollen from the nototribic anthers of Lamiaceae and Antirrhineae (M\u00fcller, 1996b).<\/p>\n

latreillei<\/span><\/em> species group<\/span><\/h3>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) latreillei <\/em><\/strong>(Spinola, 1806) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1806 Megachile latreillii<\/strong><\/em> Spinola, Insectorum Liguriae, vol. 1, p. 31. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1983: 132), [Italy], MSDB (Torino).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) latreillei<\/em> (Spinola) in Tkalcu (1975a: 184).<\/p>\n

1811 Osmia<\/em> nasidens<\/em><\/strong> Latreille, Encyclop\u00e9die M\u00e9thodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insectes, vol. 8, p. 578. Type material<\/span>: Neotype f, by designation of Zanden (1988a: 60), “Nizza” [France], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) nasidens<\/em> Latreille in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 96).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992b: 918).<\/p>\n

1869 Osmia<\/em> quadricornis<\/em><\/strong> Kriechbaumer, Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K\u00f6niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 19: 600. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Insel Tinos” [Greece].-Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1869: 399).<\/p>\n

1892 Osmia<\/em> Friesei<\/em><\/strong> Verhoeff, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 18: 289. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “Spalato” [Croatia].-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 10).<\/p>\n

1975 Osmia latreillei iberoafricana<\/strong><\/em> Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 56: 49. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Almeria: Punta Entinas” [Spain], SMFD (Frankfurt); paratypes mm, ff.-New synonymy (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>BIH, CH, D, E, E(Ba), E(Ca), F, F(Co), GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), HR, I,<\/span> I(Sa), I(Si), M, MK, P. Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, E(Ca), ET, LAR, <\/em>MA, P(Ma), TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, JOR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Peters (1975: 54-55); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1988a); Zanden (1988a: 60, 1991c: 168-169).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect burrows in dead wood and drilled borings in wooden blocks; hollow stems (e.g. <\/span>Arundo, Phragmites<\/span><\/em>); insect burrows in the soil (e.g. from <\/span>Proxylocopa, <\/span><\/span><\/em>Anthophora).<\/span> <\/span><\/em>Nesting material: <\/strong>Cell partitions and nest plug are made of chewed leaves (e.g. from Lavathera<\/em>). The nest plug occasionally consists of several walls of leaf pulp, sometimes particles (e.g. pieces of grass blades) are glued to its outer surface. Krombein (1969) states that partitions and plug are usually made of masticated leaf pulp, but that one plug had a layer of mud sandwiched between two layers of leaf pulp, and that another plug had some thin interspersed layers of wood-pulp fragments from the sides of the boring and the outer end plastered with a thin layer of mud. These last observations are probably wrong and concern other species than O. latreillei, <\/em>which is supported by the list of pollen sources given which do not correspond to the normal host plants of O.<\/em> latreillei<\/em>. (Ferton, 1905; Krombein, 1969; O’Toole and Raw, 1991; Vicens, Bosch and Blas, 1993; Wafa and El-Berry, 1971; G. Le Goff, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae; host plants include members of the Cichorioideae, the Carduoideae and the Asteroideae (Amiet et al., 2004; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 49 pollen samples from 32 different localities and on field observations).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) madeirensis <\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1991<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Chalcosmia) madeirensis<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 28: 168. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Cenigel” [Portugal: Madeira]; paratypes m, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>P(Ma)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) palmae <\/em><\/strong>Tkalcu, 2001<\/span><\/h3>\n

2001 Osmia (Chalcosmia) palmae<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de Mulhouse, 57: 29. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “La Palma Herradura Pesti” [Spain: Canary Islands], Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>E(Ca)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

niveocincta<\/span><\/em> species group<\/span><\/h3>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) dives <\/em><\/strong>Mocsary, 1877<\/span><\/h3>\n

1877 Osmia dives<\/strong><\/em> Mocsary, Term\u00e9szetrajzi F\u00fczetek, 1: 232. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Hungary].-Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) sogdiana dives<\/em> Mocsary in Warncke (1988a: 24). Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) dives<\/em> Mocsary in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

1890 Osmia<\/em> Medanae<\/em><\/strong> Magretti, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 9: 541. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “dintorni di Damasco” [Syria].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) medanae<\/em> Magretti in Zanden (1988b: 125).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 24).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia<\/em> subintegra<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 65. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Warncke (1988a: 24), “Ramleh” [Palestine], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) subintegra<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 125).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 24).<\/p>\n

1934 Osmia<\/em> hierosolomita<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 39: 160. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Asie mineure: J\u00e9rusalem” [Israel], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy with Osmia sogdiana<\/em> Morawitz in in Tkalcu (1969a: 335) and in Zanden (1985: 67). Synonymy with Osmia sogdiana dives<\/em> Mocsary in Warncke (1988a: 24).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AZ, BG, GR, GR(Cr, Aegean islands), H<\/span>,RO. Northern Africa: <\/strong>ET?. Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, UZ. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1975a: 184); Zanden (1983: 134).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities in the ground, in general 4-8 brood cells per nest, which are linearly arranged or form clusters depending on the form of the cavity. Nesting material: <\/strong>The cells are entirely built of leaf pulp. The entrance of the nest burrow (diameter: 8-9mm) is closed by a plug of leaf pulp.(Mavromoustakis, 1948c; Pashina, 1948, 1971; Popov, 1967a)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Oligolectic on Carduoideae (Asteraceae) <\/span><\/strong>(A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 53 pollen samples from 31 different localities).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) frieseana <\/em><\/strong>Ducke, 1899<\/span><\/h3>\n

1899 Osmia frieseana<\/strong><\/em> Ducke, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 213. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 184), “Algier” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) frieseana<\/em> Ducke in Tkalcu (1975a: 184).-Synonymy with Osmia sogdiana heteracantha<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1988a: 25), rejected by Zanden (1996b: 884).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E, M, I(Sa). <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET?, LAR, MA, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Tkalcu (1975a: 184); Zanden (1983: 134).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on Asteraceae; all pollen samples available so far consist of pollen of Carduoideae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 15 pollen samples from 5 different localities and on field observations).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) niveocincta <\/em><\/strong>P\u00e9rez, 1879<\/span><\/h3>\n

1879 Osmia niveocincta<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 184. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Hautes-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) sogdiana niveocincta<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1988a: 25). Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) niveocincta<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1985: 69).<\/p>\n

1895 Osmia<\/em> violascens<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 12. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Warncke (1988a: 25), “Balearen” [Spain], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) violascens<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 125).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 25).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E, E(Ba), F<\/span>, GR, GR(Aegean Islands), I, I(Sa), <\/em>P. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, MA. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL?.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Benoist (1931); Zanden (1985: 69). Male described by Alfken (1942: 213) belongs to another species according to Zanden (1985: 69).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae; all pollen samples available so far consist of pollen of Carduoideae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 10 pollen samples from 7 different localities and on field observations).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) <\/em><\/strong>prasina <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1875<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia<\/em> prasina<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 80. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “in valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan].-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) prasina<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 125).-Synonymy with Osmia sogdiana<\/em> Morawitz in Warncke (1988a: 23) rejected based on type material and original description (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, TJ<\/span>, TM, UZ.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Carduoideae (Asteraceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) sogdiana <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1875<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia sogdiana<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 84. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “in valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan], ZMUM (Moscow).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) sogdiana<\/em> Morawitz in Tkalcu (1969a: 335).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia<\/em> Nassonowi<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 64. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1985: 428), “Transcaspie” [Turkestan], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) nassonowi<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 125).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 23).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> ARM. Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, TJ<\/span>, TM, UZ. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>AFG,IL, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (1969a: 336).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: abandoned burrows of Hoplitis grumi; <\/em>drilled borings in wooden blocks with linearly arranged cells. Rarely, the females build their brood cells in burrows they excavate in loess scarps if preexisting cavities are lacking. Nesting material:<\/strong> The brood cells are entirely built of leaf pulp. The entrance of the nest burrow (diameter: 7mm and more) is closed by a plug of leaf pulp (3-7mm thick). (Marikovskaya, 1968, 1975; Marikovskaya and Shcherbakova, 1989)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: Probably oligolectic on Asteraceae; all pollen samples available so far consist of pollen of Carduoideae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 9 pollen samples from 6 different localities).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

signata<\/span><\/em> species group<\/span><\/h3>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) fasciata <\/em><\/strong>Latreille, 1811<\/span><\/h3>\n

1811 Osmia fasciata<\/strong><\/em>Latreille, Encyclop\u00e9die M\u00e9thodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insectes, vol. 8, p. 583. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Arabie” [Arabia], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) fasciata<\/em> Latreille in Zanden (1988b: 124).<\/p>\n

1875 Osmia atro-alba<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 90. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes ff, “prope Katty-kurgan” [Turkestan], ZIN (St. Petersburg), ZMUM (Moscow).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) atroalba<\/em> Morawitz in Zanden (1988b: 124).-New synonymy based on type specimens and original description (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

1904 Osmia (Acanthosmia)<\/em> sita<\/em><\/strong> Nurse, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15: 574. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1969a: 337), “Quetta” [Pakistan], BMNH (London).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) sita<\/em> Nurse in Tkalcu (1969a: 336).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 26).<\/p>\n

1935 Osmia<\/em> bucharica<\/em><\/strong> Popov, Trudy Tajikskoy Bazy Akademii Nauk SSSR, 5: 390. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Kulyab and Samarkand” [Tajikistan and Uzbekistan], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Synonymy with Osmia sita<\/em> Nurse in Tkalcu (1969a: 336). Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 26).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>TJ, TM, UZ; Turkestan. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>AFG, IL, <\/em>IR, JOR, OM, PAK, SYR, UAE; Arabia<\/span>; TR<\/span>. <\/em>Extralimital: <\/strong>Oriental (India).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); Benoist (1969: 243); Tkalcu (1969a: 338-339); Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities:burrows and brood cells of Amegilla<\/em> spec. in a vertical slope of hard-packed sandy soil with several linearly arranged cells. Nesting material:<\/strong> Nest plug and cell walls made of chewed leaves. In contrast to the brood cells built inside the Amegilla<\/em> cells, brood cells constructed within the Amegilla<\/em> burrows were completely lined with a thin layer of chewed leaves. (C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae with a distinct preference for Carduoideae, species of the Asteroideae are rarely exploited as well (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 26 pollen samples and the content of 2 brood cells from 12 different localities). Flower records: Centaurea<\/em> (label record).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) kuznetzovi <\/em><\/strong>Cockerell, 1930<\/span><\/h3>\n

1930 Osmia<\/em> kuznetzovi<\/em><\/strong> Cockerell, The Entomologist (London), 63: 84. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Ak-Tasch Mountains, 50 kilom. N.E. of Tashkent” [Uzbekistan], BMNH (London).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) kuznetzovi<\/em> Cockerell in Zanden (1988b: 124).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992b: 918).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>UZ<\/span>; Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, <\/em>IR, RL, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) notata <\/em><\/strong>(Fabricius, 1804)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1804 Anthophora notata<\/strong><\/em> Fabricius, Systema Piezatorum, p. 376. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1970: 7), “Habitat Kiliae” [Kiel, Germany by mistake, see Tkalcu (1970: 7); Algeria according to Warncke, 1988a: 25], ZMUC (Copenhagen).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) notata<\/em> (Fabricius) in Tkalcu (1969a: 338).<\/p>\n

1874 Pseudosmia<\/em> decemsignata<\/em><\/strong> Radoszkowski, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Imp\u00e9riale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 48: 159. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1970: 7), “S\u00e9tif” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1970: 6).<\/p>\n

1885 Osmia (Chalcosmia)<\/em> laterefasciata<\/em><\/strong> Costa, Bullettino della Societ\u00e0 Entomolgica Italiana, 17: 246. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Sardegna” [Italy: Sardinia].-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 26).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E, E(Ba), F(Co)?, I, I(Sa), I(Si), M, P; D<\/span>,S<\/span>. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, LAR, MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Alfken (1914: 202); Ducke (1900); Friese (1893: 354); Tkalcu (1969a: 338); Warncke (1988a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities:linear cavity in a stone 30cm above ground with 2 cells; insect burrow in the ground; empty snail shells with up to 18 cells. Nesting material:<\/strong> Nest plug, cell partitions and (part of) cell walls made of chewed leaves. The plug of the nest in the stone cavity extended along the interior walls. In large snail shells, the cells are linearly arranged in the inner and narrower part, but arranged side by side in the outer and larger part, where the cell walls partially or entirely consist of leaf pulp; the shell surface is not plastered with patches of leaf pulp. (Ferton, 1914; C. Sedivy, C. Praz & A. M\u00fcller, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae; host plants include members of the Carduoideae, Cichorioideae and Asteroideae (A. M\u00fcller, based on 69 pollen samples from 39 different localities and on field observations).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Helicosmia) signata <\/em><\/strong>Erichson, 1835<\/span><\/h3>\n

1808 Osmia<\/em> melanippa<\/em><\/strong> Spinola, Insectorum Liguriae, vol. 2, p. 66. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Habitat passim in agro Ligustico” [Italy].-Synonymy with Osmia caerulescens<\/em> (Linnaeus) in Rasmont et al.<\/em> (1995: 51). Synonymy with Osmia signata<\/em> Erichson in Warncke (1988a: 27). See Warncke (1988a: 28) for the validity of the name Osmia signata<\/em> Erichson over Osmia melanippa <\/em>Spinola.<\/p>\n

1835 Osmia signata<\/strong><\/em> Erichson, in: Waltl, Reise durch Tirol, Oberitalien und Piemont nach dem s\u00fcdlichen Spanien (Passau), vol. 2, p. 107. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1974b: 336), “Andalusien” [Spain], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) signata<\/em> Erichson in Tkalcu (1974b: 336).<\/p>\n

1853 Osmia<\/em> jucunda<\/em><\/strong> Smith, Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, I: 139. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1974b: 336), “Albania” [Albania], BMNH (London).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1974b: 336).<\/p>\n

1869 Osmia<\/em> vidua<\/b><\/em> Gerstaecker, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 30: 345. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1974b: 336), \u201eAuf Sicilien\u201c [Italy: Sicily], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy with male of Osmia taurica<\/em> Radoszkowski, 1887 in Friese (1909: 126). Synonymy in Alfken (1935b: 175).<\/p>\n

1873 Osmia<\/em> cincta<\/em><\/strong> Dours, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqu\u00e9, ser. 3, 1: 295. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Iles de l’Archipel grec” [Greece], “Alg\u00e9rie” [Algeria], Dours Collection, presumed destroyed (Zanden 1990: 52).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 28).<\/p>\n

1879 Osmia laticincta<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 177. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Marseille” [France], “Aragon” [Spain], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Helicosmia) vidua laticincta<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 28 [894]). Combination Osmia (Chalcosmia) signata laticincta<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Zanden (1988b: 125).-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 28).<\/p>\n

1883 Osmia atriventris<\/strong><\/em> Costa, Atti dell’Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche (Napoli), ser. 2, 1: 95. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia atriventris <\/em>Cresson, 1864]. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1990: 53), “Samassi” [Italy], DEZA (Portici); paralectotype f.-Synonymy in Warncke (1988a: 28) and in Zanden (1988b: 125).<\/p>\n

1895 Osmia<\/em> costaniana<\/em><\/strong> Dalla Torre & Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 21: 70. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia atriventris<\/em> Costa, 1883 [not Osmia atriventris <\/em>Cresson, 1864].<\/p>\n

2005 Osmia (Chalcosmia) signata rhodia<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de Mulhouse, 62: 63. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “GR Rhodos Akra Vagia” [Greece], Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes m, f.-New synonymy (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AL, ARM, AZ, BG, E<\/span>, E(Ba), F, F(Co), GE, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), I, I(Sa), I(Si), P, RUS(SR), SCG, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ, ET, MA. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>RC, TM. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, IRQ, <\/span><\/span>JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Radoszkowski (1887a: 287); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: hollow stems (e.g. Arundo<\/em>, Phragmites<\/em>); abandoned cells of exposed nests of other aculeates (e.g. Sceliphron, Chalicodoma); <\/em>insect burrows in the soil (e.g. from Anthophora<\/em>); <\/em>cavities and holes in rocks, stones, clay scarps, walls or between the plastic cover and the wooden wall of an old suitcase; cavities in the ceiling and in walls of a clay cave (unclear whether the females excavated the cavities in the clay or wether they used already existing cavities). Nesting material:<\/strong> Cell partitions and nest plug are made of masticated plant material. In rock or other spacious cavities, the whole cells may be constructed with leaf pulp. Cells entirely constructed from leaf pulp were also found side by side or in a linear series in ceiling and wall cavities of an artificial clay cave with the nest surface partially open to the outside. (Ferton, 1897; Malyshev, 1937; Mavromoustakis, 1948c; Vereecken et al., 2010; Ivanov et al., 2019; <\/span><\/strong>G. Le Goff, personal observation; C. Sedivy and A. M\u00fcller, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Asteraceae; pollen hosts include members of the Carduoideae, the Cichorioideae and rarely the Asteroideae as well (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 60 pollen samples from 44 different localities and on field observations).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The subgenus Helicosmia Thomson is distributed both in the Palaearctic and the Nearctic region. It contains 73 described species, 69 of which occur in the Palaearctic. Female of Osmia (Helicosmia) leaiana (Kirby, 1802) collecting pollen on a thistle; many Helicosmia species show a close affiliation to Asteraceae as pollen hosts. Foto A. Krebs. Species accounts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1092,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-140","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1092"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7441,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/140\/revisions\/7441"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}