{"id":136,"date":"2009-01-22T00:01:08","date_gmt":"2009-01-21T23:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpethzprd.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/?page_id=136"},"modified":"2024-10-31T19:36:45","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T18:36:45","slug":"allosmia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/palaearctic-species\/osmia\/allosmia\/","title":{"rendered":"Subgenus Allosmia"},"content":{"rendered":"

The subgenus Allosmia<\/em> Tkalcu is confined to the Palaearctic region. It contains 11 described species.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h3>\n
Female of Osmia (Allosmia) melanura<\/em> Morawitz, 1871 closing her nest in an empty snail shell with chewed green leaves and broken pieces of snail shells. Foto A. M\u00fcller.<\/span><\/h5>\n

Species accounts<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) bischoffi <\/em><\/strong>Atanassov, 1938<\/span><\/h3>\n

1938 Osmia bischoffi<\/strong><\/em> Atanassov, Mitteilungen aus den K\u00f6niglichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgarien, 11: 180. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “im Park des Palais Euxinograd bei Warna am Schwarzen Meer” [Bulgaria], SOFM (Sofia).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) bischoffi<\/em> (Atanassov) in Zanden (1988b: 120).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AL, BG<\/span>, BIH, GR, HR, RO, SCG. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2022a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells. Nesting material: <\/strong>The shell surface is plastered with patches of leaf pulp, suggesting that chewed leaves are also used to close the nest. (Atanassov, 1938; M\u00fcller, 2022a; A.W. Ebmer, personal communication).<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Cichorioideae), Brassicaceae, Monocots, Convolvulaceae, Cistaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae, Boraginaceae, Dipsacoideae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae (Plantago<\/em>) and Crassulaceae (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) imitatrix <\/em><\/strong>(Tkalcu, 1992)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Hoplitis (Allosmia) imitatrix<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 56: 219. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Kara-kala” [Turkmenistan], Halada Collection.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>TM<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2022a). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

rufohirta<\/u><\/em> s<\/u>pec<\/u>ies group<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Osmia<\/em> (Allosmia)<\/em> gemina<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fcller, 2022<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

2022 Osmia (Allosmia) gemina<\/strong><\/em> M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 5188: 205. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Tel Yizhaq, 20 m” [Israel], ETH (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-<\/strong>Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> <\/em>IL, JOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Cichorioideae), Brassicaceae and Plantaginaceae (Plantago<\/em>) (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) nuda<\/em><\/strong> Friese, 1899<\/span><\/h3>\n

1899 Osmia nuda<\/strong><\/em> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 328. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of G. van der Zanden (M\u00fcller, 2022a), “Balkan” [Balkans], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) nuda<\/em> (Friese) in \u00f4zbek and Zanden (1992a: 21).-Synonymy with Chelostoma ventrale<\/em> Schletterer in Warncke (1986: 75), rejected by \u00f4zbek and Zanden (1992a: 21).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> <\/em>BG, HR. Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> <\/em>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2022a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae and Lamiaceae (Nepetoideae) (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) rufohirta <\/em><\/strong>Latreille, 1811<\/span><\/h3>\n

1811 Osmia rufo-hirta<\/strong><\/em> Latreille, Encyclop\u00e9die M\u00e9thodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insectes, vol. 8, p. 580 [not seen]. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes ff, “France” [France], “Allemagne” [Germany]. Type species<\/span> of Allosmia<\/em> Tkalcu.-Combination Osmia (Acanthosmia) rufohirta<\/em> Latreille in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Osmia) rufohirta<\/em> Latreille in Friese (1911b: 85). Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) rufohirta<\/em> (Latreille) in Tkalcu (1974b: 331).<\/p>\n

1841 Osmia<\/em> fulvo-hirta<\/em><\/strong> Lepeletier, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8res, vol. 2, p. 322. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1974c: 331), “Environs de Paris” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1896: 410).<\/p>\n

1857 Osmia<\/em> spiniventris<\/em><\/strong> Giraud, Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 7: 181. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, “Autriche” [Austria], “Carniole” [Slovenia], “Italie” [Italy], “Hongrie” [Hungary], type depository unknown.-Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1896: 410).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>A, AL,<\/span> ARM, AZ, B, BG, BY, <\/strong>CH, CZ, D<\/span>, E, F<\/span>,<\/span> F(Co), FL,<\/span> GE, GR, GR(Aegean and Ionian Islands),<\/span> H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si),<\/span> L, M, MK,<\/span> P, RO, RUS(SR),<\/span> SCG, SK, SLO,<\/span> UA, UA(Crimea)<\/span><\/span>. <\/em><\/span>Northern Africa:<\/strong> MA. Northern Asia: <\/strong>KZ, RC(NW). <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, IR, IRQ, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Radoszkowski (1887a: 290); M\u00fcller (2022a); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1974b: 332, 1992: 219); Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of small to medium size (e.g. Candidula, <\/i>Cernuella, Helicella, Pomatias, Rumina, Theba, Xerolenta, Xerophila, Zebrina<\/i>) with 1 brood cell per shell. The closed shells are transported over a distance of up to more than 2m to a sheltered place, e.g. underside of a stone, below a withered leaf or among dead blades of a grass tussock; regularly, the nest is also rolled to a more suitable place or turned into a favourable position before or during cell provisioning. Occasionally, the shells are shallowly buried in loose soil. Nesting material: <\/strong>The shell is closed with a three-layered plug consisting of a layer of small stones and earth crumbs delimited on both sides by a partition made of chewed leaves (e.g. Helianthemum<\/em>) or petals (e.g. Lotus<\/em>). The shell surface is densely plastered with patches of leaf pulp. Nesting cycle:<\/strong> The species overwinters as imago in a self-spun cocoon within the brood cell. Brood parasites:<\/strong> Chrysura cuprea, C. dichroa, C. trimaculata<\/em> (Chrysididae). (Banaszak & Romasenko, 2001; Bellmann, 1981; Benoist, 1931; Berland & Bernard, 1938; Bonelli, 1971, 1972; Ferton, 1894, 1897, 1905; Gogala, 1999; Grandi, 1961; Grozdanic, 1969; Kunz, 1989; M\u00fcller, 2022a; M\u00fcller et al., 1997; Westrich, 1989; G. Le Goff, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae), Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae (Lamioideae, Nepetoideae), Boraginaceae (Echium<\/em>), Campanulaceae, Convolvulaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Cistaceae (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Male behaviour: <\/strong>The males check snail shells for hatching or nest-seeking females (M\u00fcller et al., 1997).<\/p>\n

Osmia<\/em> (Allosmia)<\/em> <\/strong>soror <\/strong><\/em>P\u00e9rez, 1896<\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Osmia cognata<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 12. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia cognata <\/em>Cresson, 1864]. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).<\/p>\n

1896 Osmia soror<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Correctures: Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, not paginated single page appendix. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia cognata<\/em> P\u00e9rez, 1895 [not Osmia cognata <\/em>Cresson, 1864].-Synonymy with Osmia rufohirta<\/em> Latreille in Friese (1911b: 85).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) rufohirta soror<\/em> (P\u00e9rez) in Zanden (1988b: 120). Combination Osmia rufohirta soror<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ<\/span>, MA, TN.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2022a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells. (Ferton, 1920; M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Carduoideae), Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Convolvulaceae (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/span><\/p>\n

sybarita<\/u><\/em> s<\/u>pec<\/u>ies group<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) lhotelleriei <\/em><\/strong>P\u00e9rez, 1887<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1887 Osmia Lhotelleriei<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Revue d’Entomologie, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d’Entomologie, 6: 178. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 180), “\u00c9gypte” [Egypt], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) lhotelleriei<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Friese (1911b: 85). Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) lhotelleriei<\/em> (P\u00e9rez) in Zanden (1988b: 120).<\/p>\n

1890 Osmia fossoria<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, in: Ferton, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 44: 201. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1974b: 333), “Alger” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) sybarita<\/em> fossoria <\/em>(P\u00e9rez) in Tkalcu (1974b: 333). Combination Osmia (Allosmia) sybarita fossoria<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Ungricht et al. (2008: 140). Synonymy in M\u00fcller (2022a: 209).<\/p>\n

1899 Osmia<\/em> duckei<\/em><\/strong> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 27. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, “Alger” [Algeria].-Synonymy with Osmia fossoria<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Friese (1911b: 86).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, ET<\/span>, MA, LAR, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL, JOR, RL, SYR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); M\u00fcller (2022a); Stanek (1969a: 23-24); Tkalcu (1974b: 333).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of small size (e.g. Theba<\/em>) with 1 brood cell per shell. After the shell is closed, it is rolled to a previously selected sandy place, where it is moved into a slanting burrow of 6-7cm length and 1-1.5cm depth excavated in loose sand, before it is completely covered with sand. Nesting material: <\/strong>The cell is closed with a one-layered partition of leaf pulp a few millimetres behind the shell opening; this partition forms the base of the 3-4mm thick nest plug, which is built from broken pieces of gastropod shells embedded into a matrix of pulp consisting of chewed green leaves, occasionally also of chewed petals. After the nest has been sealed. The shell surface is not plastered with patches of leaf pulp. Brood parasites:<\/strong> Chrysura o<\/em>siris <\/i>(Chrysididae). (Buysson, 1887, 1908; Ferton, 1890; Friese, 1923; M\u00fcller, 2022a; O\u2019Toole & Raw, 1991; N. Vereecken, personal communication)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae), Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium), Brassicaceae, Monocots, Caryophyllaceae, Resedaceae, Lamiaceae (Lamioideae, Nepetoideae), Cistaceae and Apiaceae (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) <\/em>mela<\/em>nura <\/em><\/strong>Morawitz, 1871<\/span><\/h3>\n

1871 Osmia melanura<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 8: 203. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Calabria” [Italy].-Combination Osmia (Osmia) melanura<\/em> Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 108). Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) melanura<\/em> (Morawitz) in Zanden (1988b: 120).<\/p>\n

1886 Osmia decorata<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 20: 71. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “Talysch-Karabach-Jurdi” [Caucasus], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) decorata<\/em> Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 107). Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) decorata<\/em> (Morawitz) in Zanden (1988b: 120). Synonymy in M\u00fcller (2022a: 210). <\/strong><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ, BG, GR, I<\/span>, I(Si), MK, RUS(SR), UA. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Ducke (1900); M\u00fcller (2022a); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of small size (e.g. Theba<\/em>) with 1 brood cell per shell. After the shell is closed, it is rolled over a distance of up to 50cm to a previously selected sandy place, where it is moved into a 2cm deep hole excavated among plant roots, before it is completely covered with sand. O. melanura<\/em> is not strictly confined to sandy areas but occasionally also occurs in stony habitats, where the ground is too hard to dig; here, the females might possibly transport their nests to a protected place under vegetation or stones. Nesting material:<\/strong> The cell is closed with a one-layered partition of leaf pulp 2-3mm behind the shell opening in a considerable distance (0.6\u20130.8 shell whorls) from the larval provisions; this partition forms the base of the 3-4.5mm thick nest plug, which consists of broken pieces of gastropod shells embedded into a matrix of leaf pulp. The shell surface is not plastered with patches of leaf pulp. (M\u00fcller, 1992, 2022a)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic with strong preference for Fabaceae; other pollen sources include Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>), Asteraceae (Cichorioideae), Cistaceae, Lamiaceae (Lamioideae), Brassicaceae and Caryophyllaceae (M\u00fcller, 1992, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) rufotibialis <\/em><\/strong>Friese, 1920<\/span><\/h3>\n

1920 Osmia rufotibialis<\/strong><\/em> Friese, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (Berlin), 1920: 50. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Ain Dilb” [Palestine], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) rufotibialis<\/em> (Friese) in Zanden (1988b: 120).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL<\/span>, JOR, RL, SYR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2022a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae), Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>), Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae (Lamioideae) (M\u00fcller, 2022a).
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) rutila <\/em><\/strong>Erichson, 1835<\/span><\/h3>\n

1835 Osmia rutila<\/strong><\/em> Erichson, in: Waltl, Reise durch Tirol, Oberitalien und Piemont nach dem s\u00fcdlichen Spanien (Passau), vol. 2, p. 107. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Andalusien” [Spain], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) rutila<\/em> (Erichson) in Zanden (1988b: 120).<\/p>\n

1843 Osmia<\/em> baetica<\/em><\/strong> Spinola, Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, ser. 2, 1: 142. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [Spain], type depository unknown.-Synonymy in Dalla Torre (1896: 410), but see Zanden (1987: 75).<\/p>\n

1895 Osmia<\/em> xanthognatha<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 12. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1988a: 60), “Tanger” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) xanthognatha<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Friese (1911b: 107).-Synonymy in Zanden (1987: 75).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>E<\/span>. <\/em>Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ?, MA.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Benoist (1950b: 186); Ducke (1900); M\u00fcller (2022a); Zanden (1985: 69).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of small size (e.g. Helicella<\/em>) with 1 brood cell per shell. After the shell is closed, it is rolled over a distance of up to 3m to a previously selected sandy place in the vicinity of plants, where it is moved into a 3\u20133.5cm deep hole and turned in a vertical position with the nest plug directing towards the entrance of the excavated hole, before it is completely covered with sand. Nesting material: <\/strong>After provisioning, which requires up to 34 foraging bouts, and egg deposition, the cell is closed with a one-layered partition of leaf pulp a few millimetres behind the shell opening in a considerable distance (abou 0.6 shell whorls) from the larval provisions; this partition forms the base of the thick nest plug, which consists of up to 28 broken pieces of gastropod and mussel shells, sometimes also small stones, embedded in a matrix of leaf pulp; the construction of the nest plug including the basal partition requires up to 150 flights with leaf pulp or broken shell pieces. The shell surface is not plastered with patches of leaf pulp. (Haeseler, 1997; M\u00fcller 2022a)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic with strong preference for Fabaceae; other pollen sources include Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>), Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Oxalidaceae (e.g. Oxalis pes-caprae<\/em>) (Haeseler, 1997, 2008; M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n

Male behaviour: <\/strong>The males search for females in small areas of 10-15m\u252c\u2593 around nesting sites and flower patches, where they patrol along flight routes regularly interrupted by short resting periods on the ground or on low vegetation (Haeseler 1997).<\/p>\n

Osmia (Allosmia) sybarita <\/em><\/strong>Smith, 1853<\/span><\/h3>\n

1853 Osmia sybarita<\/strong><\/em> Smith, Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, vol. 1, p. 140. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Albania” [Albania], BMNH (London).-Combination Hoplitis (Allosmia) sybarita<\/em> (Smith) in Tkalcu (1974b: 333).<\/p>\n

1873 Osmia<\/em> ruficollis<\/em><\/strong> Sichel, in: Dours, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqu\u00e9, ser. 3, 1: 297. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, ff, “Iles de l’Archipel grec” [Greece], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1988b: 120).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AL<\/span>, BG, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), SCG. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IRQ, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Ducke (1900); M\u00fcller (2022a); Tkalcu (1974b: 332-333).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of small size (e.g. Helicella, Pseudoxerophila, Trochoidea, Xeromunda) with 1 brood cell per shell. After the shell is closed, it is rolled over a distance of up to 40cm to a previously selected place, where it is shallowly buried into the sandy ground, or – if the ground is too hard to dig – hidden under low vegetation. Nesting material: <\/strong>The cell is closed with a one-layered partition of leaf pulp a few millimetres behind the shell opening; this partition forms the base of the thick nest plug, which consists of broken pieces of gastropod shells embedded into a matrix of leaf pulp. The shell surface is not plastered with patches of leaf pulp. Brood parasites:<\/strong> Chrysura dichroa <\/em>(Chrysididae). (Haeseler, 1997; Mavromoustakis, 1939b, 1948c; M\u00fcller, 2022a; O’Toole & Raw, 1991; Vereecken & Le Goff, 2012; G. Le Goff, personal communication)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic; pollen sources include Fabaceae, Asteraceae (Asteroideae, Carduoideae, Cichorioideae), Boraginaceae (e.g. Echium<\/em>), Brassicaceae, Resedaceae, Lamiaceae and Monocots (M\u00fcller, 2022a).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The subgenus Allosmia Tkalcu is confined to the Palaearctic region. It contains 11 described species. Female of Osmia (Allosmia) melanura Morawitz, 1871 closing her nest in an empty snail shell with chewed green leaves and broken pieces of snail shells. Foto A. M\u00fcller. Species accounts Osmia (Allosmia) bischoffi Atanassov, 1938 1938 Osmia bischoffi Atanassov, Mitteilungen […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1092,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1092"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}