{"id":110,"date":"2009-01-21T23:51:24","date_gmt":"2009-01-21T22:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpethzprd.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/?page_id=110"},"modified":"2026-04-12T16:51:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T15:51:43","slug":"hoplitis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/palaearctic-species\/hoplitis\/hoplitis\/","title":{"rendered":"Subgenus Hoplitis"},"content":{"rendered":"

The subgenus Hoplitis\u00a0<\/em>Klug is confined to the Palaearctic region. It contains 102 described species. The former subgenera Annosmia, Bytinskia<\/em> and Coloplitis<\/em> are included here in an enlarged subgenus Hoplitis<\/em> due to i) polyphyly of Annosmia<\/em>, ii) close relatedness of the cleptoparasitic Bytinskia<\/em> species to their Annosmia<\/em> hosts, iii) occurrence of taxa that are morphologically and biologically intermediate between Annosmia <\/em>and Hoplitis<\/em>, and iv) substantial morphological resemblance among the members of the whole clade (Sedivy et al., 2013c).<\/p>\n

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Female of Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca<\/em> (Panzer, 1798) on a flower of Echium <\/em>(Boraginaceae), the species’ exclusive pollen source. Foto A. Krebs.<\/span><\/h5>\n

Species accounts<\/h3>\n

bassana<\/em>\u00a0species group<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bassana\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>bassana<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 313. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201c70 km O Tata\u201d [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) bassana<\/em> (Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ,\u00a0MA<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on\u00a0Trichodesma<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

erythrogastra<\/em>\u00a0species group<\/span> (“Bytinskia<\/em>“)<\/h3>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) erythrogastra\u00a0<\/em>(Mavromoustakis, 1954)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1954 Bytinskia <\/em>erythrogastra<\/em><\/strong> Mavromoustakis, Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 4: 270. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cBat Yam\u201d [Israel], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, ff. Type species<\/span> of Bytinskia<\/em> Mavromoustakis.-Combination Hoplitis (Bytinskia) erythrogastra <\/em>(Mavromoustakis) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>, JOR, RL.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Mavromoustakis (1949: 288, as Osmia sordida<\/em>); Warncke (1991f).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Cleptoparasitic in nests of Hoplitis (Annosmia) zonalis <\/em>and possibly other species of the subgenus Annosmia<\/em>.\u00a0(Mavromoustakis, 1954b; Sedivy et al., 2013b)<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) negevensis\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Bytinskia <\/em>negevensis<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 486. Type material:<\/span> Holotype f, \u201cGiv\u2019 ot Loven\/13 km S Paran in der W\u00fcste Negev\u201d [Israel], OLML (Linz).-Combination Hoplitis (Bytinskia) negevensis <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:<\/strong>IL<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Cleptoparasitic in nests of Hoplitis (Annosmia) christae <\/em>and possibly other species of the subgenus Annosmia. <\/em>(Sedivy et al., 2013b; Warncke, 1991f)<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) parasitica\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Bytinskia <\/em>parasitica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 484. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cTal s\u00fcdlich des Gevria-Passes in 3000 m im Sat-Gebirge\/Prov. Hakkari\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Bytinskia) parasitica <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AZ. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IR, TR<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Cleptoparasitic in nests of Hoplitis (Annosmia) eremophila<\/em> and probably other species of the subgenus\u00a0Annosmia<\/em>. (Warncke, 1991f)<\/p>\n

persica<\/em>\u00a0species group<\/span>\u00a0(“Coloplitis<\/em>“)<\/h3>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) persica\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>persica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 324. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cSteppa pressa Chitgar\/18 km W di Teheran\u201d [Iran], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Coloplitis) persica <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IR<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Griswold and Michener (1998: 245-246).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Possibly oligolectic on Heliotropium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a). As in the Haetosmia<\/em> species, which all collect pollen on Heliotropium<\/em>, the females of H. persica<\/em> have long, apically thickened and slightly curved bristles on their labial palpi (Warncke, 1991e). These bristles, which are amazingly similar to those of Haetosmia<\/em>, are undoubtedly used to extract pollen from the narrow-tubed Heliotropium<\/em> flowers.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) premordica\u00a0<\/em>Griswold, 1998<\/span><\/h3>\n

1998 Hoplitis (Coloplitis) <\/em>premordica<\/em><\/strong> Griswold, in: Griswold and Michener, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 70: 244. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cBaluchistan: Pishin, 40 km N Quetta\u201d [Pakistan], AMNH (New York); paratypes mm, ff. Type species<\/span> of Coloplitis<\/em> Griswold.-Combination Hoplitis (Coloplitis) premordica <\/em>Griswold in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>PAK<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.\u00a0The females have long, apically thickened and curved bristles on their labial palpi (Griswold and Michener, 1998), which are probably used to extract pollen from narrow-tubed flowers.<\/p>\n

annulata<\/em>\u00a0species group<\/span>\u00a0(“Annosmia<\/em>“)<\/h3>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) aqabaensis\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>aqabaensis<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 326. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201c80 km NO Aqaba (Strasse nach Amman)\u201d [Jordan], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, f. -Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) aqabaensis <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ, TN. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>JOR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on\u00a0Echiochilon<\/em>\u00a0(Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a). The females of\u00a0H. aqabaensis<\/em> possess many long bristles on the underside of the first labial palpus and the first third of the second labial palpus, which are used to scrape pollen out of the trumpet-shaped\u00a0flowers of Echiochilon fruticosum<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) annulata\u00a0<\/em>(<\/span>Latreille, 1811<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1811 Osmia\u00a0annulata<\/strong><\/em> Latreille, Encyclop\u00e9die M\u00e9thodique, Histoire Naturelle, Insectes, vol. 8, p. 587. Type material<\/span>: m(m) [Spain], presumed lost (Warncke, 1991e: 311). Type species<\/span> of Annosmia<\/em> Warncke.-Combination Hoplitis (Hoplitis) annulata<\/em> (Latreille) in Zanden (1988b: 121). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) annulata<\/em> Latreille in Warncke (1991e: 311). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) annulata<\/em> (Latreille) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

1887\u00a0Osmia\u00a0<\/em>pruinosa<\/em><\/strong> Destefani, Il Naturalista Siciliano, 6: 112.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), \u201cVilla Favorita presso Palermo\u201d [Italy: Sicily].-Synonymy with\u00a0Osmia crenulata<\/em> Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 134). Synonymy with\u00a0Osmia annulata<\/em> Latreille in Warncke (1991e: 311).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ, BG,\u00a0E<\/span>, F, GR, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), HR, I, I(Sa)?, I(Si), P.\u00a0Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ,\u00a0MA, TN.\u00a0Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> Benoist (1931);\u00a0Ducke (1900); Le Divelec et al. (2024: 155); Le Goff (2003a: 70);\u00a0Mavromoustakis (1949: 292); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1991e).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:<\/strong> In excavated burrows in rather hard soil. The nests are 2-8cm deep and contain 1-4 cells at the end of the main burrow or of side burrows.\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong> Brood cell partitions and nest plug built from mud; the cells are excavated from the ground, their walls are smoothed and hardened on the inside but apparently not newly constructed. The nest burrow sometimes circumvents obstacles such as small stones. The nest entrance is hardened and little narrowed, often hidden near a plant base or under a stone. (Ferton, 1892; Le Goff, 2010; Mavromoustakis, 1957b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on\u00a0Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>annulata<\/em>\u00a0(<\/span>Latreille, 1811<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1811 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> E<\/span>, F, I(Sa)?, I(Si), P.\u00a0Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ,\u00a0MA, TN.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> Le Divelec et al. (2024: 155); Le Goff (2010).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>crenulata<\/em>\u00a0(Morawitz, 1871)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1871\u00a0Osmia <\/em>crenulata<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 8: 208 [not Heriades crenulatus<\/em> Nylander, 1856].\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), \u201cCreta\u201d [Greece: Crete], \u201cEpirus, Corfu\u201d [Greece], Corsica\u201d [France: Corsica].-Combination\u00a0Osmia (Ctenosmia) crenulata<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis) crenulata<\/em> (Morawitz) in Tkalcu (1975a: 179).<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) annulata\u00a0<\/em>cretica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 312. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied\u00a0Osmia <\/em>crenulata<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, 1871 [not\u00a0Heriades crenulatus <\/em>Nylander, 1856].<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> ARM, AZ, BG,\u00a0GR<\/span>,\u00a0GR<\/span>(Aegean Islands, Cr<\/span>), HR, I. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> Le Divelec et al. (2024: 155);Le Goff (2010);\u00a0Warncke (1991e);\u00a0Zanden (1991c: 169-171).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) cercomela\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>cercomela<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 314. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201c80 km NO Aqaba (Strasse nach Amman)\u201d [Jordan], OLML (Linz); paratypes m, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) cercomela <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>JOR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) christae<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>christae<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 487. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cGiv\u2019ot Loven\/13 km S Paran in der Negev-W\u00fcste\u201d [Israel], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) christae <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Northern Africa: <\/strong>MA<\/del>. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In excavated burrows in the soil.\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong> Unknown. (Warncke, 1991f)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Blepharis attenuata<\/em> (Acanthaceae) and possibly other Acanthaceae species (Sedivy et al., 2013a). Additional flower records: Fabaceae (Warncke, 1991f). The females possess a bunch of long and stiff bristles on the first two segments of their foretarsi, which are involved in a highly specialized pollen-collecting behaviour (Sedivy et al., 2013a): while firmly sitting on the lower lip of the Blepharis attenuata <\/em>flowers with their middle and hind legs, pollen-collecting females push the four introrse anthers with their head apart and remove the pollen from between the anthers with their specialized foreleg pilosity.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) chukar\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>chukar<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 316. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cW Serpil in 1800 m\/Mt. Cilo, Hakkari\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) chukar <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis)<\/em> corsaria<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) annulata\u00a0<\/em>corsaria<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 311.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cAjaccio\u201d [France: Corsica], OLML (Linz).-Elevated to species rank by Le Divelec et al. (2024: 153).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> F(Co)<\/span>, I(Sa).<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Le Divelec et al. (2024: 155); Le Goff (2010).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0<\/strong>In excavated burrows in rather hard soil. The only nest found so far consisted of a 3 cm long burrow ending in a still open brood cell.\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong> Unknown, but most probably as in Hoplitis annulata<\/em>. (Le Goff, 2010).<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on\u00a0Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Le Goff, 2010).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) elaziga\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>elaziga<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 320. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cElazig, 1300 m\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) elaziga <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) eremophila\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>eremophila<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 317. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cn\u00f6rdlich Mt. Gavaruk in 2900 m\/Sat-Geb., Hakkari\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) eremophila <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown. The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fulica\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>fulica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 312. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m (see Blank and Kraus, 1994: 735), \u201cEr\u00e7is\/Van, 1650 m\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) fulica <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown. The only pollen sample available so far consists of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) gentilis\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>gentilis<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 320. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cSille bei Konya\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratype f.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) gentilis <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.\u00a0The only pollen sample available so far consists of pollen of\u00a0Astragalus<\/em>\u00a0(Fabaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) gusenleitneri\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>gusenleitneri<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 323. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cOukaimeden in 2600-2800 m\u201d [Morocco], OLML (Linz).-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) gusenleitneri <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) hierichonica\u00a0<\/em>(<\/span>Mavromoustakis, 1949<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1949 Osmia <\/em>hierichonica<\/em><\/strong> Mavromoustakis, Eos (Madrid), 25: 291. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cJericho\u201d [Palestine], DAAN (Nicosia); paratype m.-Combination Anthocopa (Anthocopa) hierichonica<\/em> (Mavromoustakis) in Zanden (1988b: 118). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) hierichonica<\/em> (Mavromoustakis) in Warncke (1991e: 315). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) hierichonica <\/em>(Mavromoustakis) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>, JOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Mavromoustakis (1954b: 263); Warncke (1991e).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0<\/strong>In excavated burrows in rather hard soil. The single nest found so far was 2-3cm deep and contained 3 cells, of which two were linearly arranged at the end of the main burrow and one at the end of a short side burrow. Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong>Brood cell partitions built from mud; the cells are excavated from the ground, their walls are smoothed and hardened on the inside (Sedivy et al., 2013b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Male mating behaviour:<\/strong> A male was observed to scent-mark a plant stem (R. Prosi, personal communication).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>hierichonica<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(<\/span>Mavromoustakis, 1949<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1949 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>, JOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>wolfi<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) hierichonica <\/em>wolfi<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 316. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201c30 km W Quarzazate\u201d [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0<\/em>lefeberi<\/em><\/strong> Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 28: 169.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cMaroc-Tizn., S. Ifni, 100 m\u201d [Morocco], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes mm, ff.-New synonymy based on comparison of type specimens (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/span>, TN. <\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) idaensis\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>idaensis<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 317. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cIda-Geb. in 2100 m\u201d [Greece: Crete], OLML (Linz); paratypes m, f.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) idaensisa <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>GR(Cr)<\/span>.\u00a0<\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown. 2 pollen samples from the same locality contained pollen of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) israelica<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) annulata\u00a0<\/em>israelica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 312.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cNaharia\u201d [Israel], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, f.-Combination\u00a0Hoplitis (Annosmia) israelica<\/em> (Warncke) in Zanden (1996b: 885).-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) israelica <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong> MA, TN.\u00a0Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL<\/span>, IR, JOR.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on\u00a0Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) kaszabi\u00a0<\/em>Tkalcu, 2000<\/span><\/h3>\n

2000 Hoplitis (Annosmia) <\/em>kaszabi<\/em><\/strong> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 318. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cCentral Aimak Ulan-Baator, Nucht im Bagdo ul, 1880 m\u201d [Mongolia]; HNHM (Budapest); paratypes m, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>KZ,\u00a0MGL<\/span>, RC(NO), RUS(WS,ES), TJ.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) leiocephala<\/em>\u00a0(Mavromoustakis, 1954)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1954\u00a0Osmia\u00a0<\/em>leiocephala<\/em><\/strong> Mavromoustakis, Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 4: 263.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201c15 km south of Kurnub\u201d [Israel], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Anthocopa (Anthocopa) leiocephala<\/em> (Mavromoustakis) in Zanden (1988b: 118). Combination\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) leiocephala<\/em> Mavromoustakis in Warncke (1991e: 329). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) leiocephala <\/em>(Mavromoustakis) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions<\/strong>:\u00a0Warncke (1991e).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong>\u00a0Probably oligolectic on Antirrhineae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 8 pollen samples from 5 different localities). Flower record: Kickxia floribunda<\/em> (C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal observation; label record).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monticola<\/em>\u00a0M\u00fcller, 2012<\/span><\/h3>\n

2012 Hoplitis (Annosmia) <\/em>monticola<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 3355: 39. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cErymanthos mountains, Michas, 1600-2220m\u201d [Greece], ETHZ (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> GR<\/span>. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Unknown; the only pollen sample analyzed so far contained pollen of Fabaceae (probably Astragalus<\/em>) (M\u00fcller, 2012a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) mutica\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>mutica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 319. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cMadensehir in 1300 m\/Konya\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) mutica <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong>\u00a0AZ.\u00a0Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IR, SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong preference for Astragalus<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) nisa<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia)\u00a0<\/em>nisa<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 329.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201c10 km SW Akka\u201d [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) nisa <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

1991\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0<\/em>speculumoides<\/em><\/strong> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 350.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cErfoud, Tafilalet\u201d [Morocco], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes mm, ff.-Synonymy in Warncke (1991g: 568).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>DZ,\u00a0MA<\/span>, TN.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Antirrhineae (e.g.,\u00a0Antirrhinum, Kickxia, Linaria<\/em>) (Sedivy et al., 2013a). The median area of the female clypeus is bare and conspicuously bent. This peculiar clypeal form, which is confined to the female sex and also occurs in the females of H. speculum<\/em>, an oligolege of Antirrhineae as well, is used to gain access to the hidden anthers of the occluded Antirrhineae flowers by pushing the specialized facial area against the upper lip, thereby opening the flowers (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ochruros<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia)\u00a0<\/em>ochruros<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 322.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201c20 km SO Erfoud\u201d [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) ochruros <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ,\u00a0MA<\/span>, TN.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Mesolectic on Antirrhineae (e.g. Kickxia<\/em>) and Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 43 pollen samples from 13 different localities and on field observations).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>crecca<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) ochruros\u00a0<\/em>crecca<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 323.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201c20 km N Sfax\u201d [Tunisia], OLML (Linz).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong> TN<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>ochruros<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ,\u00a0MA<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) parana<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia)\u00a0<\/em>parana<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 328.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cGiv ot Loven\/13 km S Paran\u201d [Israel], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) parana <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa: <\/strong>ET. Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IL<\/span>, OM, UAE.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong preference for Crotalaria<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) peralba\u00a0<\/em>Zanden, 1992<\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Hoplitis (Annosmia) <\/em>peralba<\/em><\/strong> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 67. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cDeesa\u201d [India], RMNH (Leiden); paratype m.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>ET. <\/em>Extralimital:\u00a0<\/strong>Oriental (India<\/span>).<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) samarkanda\u00a0<\/em>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>samarkanda<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 318. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cAman Kutan\/35 km N Samarkand\u201d [Uzbekistan], OLML (Linz); paratype m.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) samarkanda <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TJ,\u00a0UZ<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) segura<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia)\u00a0<\/em>segura<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 327.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cWadi Segur\/40 km NW Eilat\u201d [Israel], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) segura <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Mesolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae), Fabaceae and Antirrhineae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) sordida\u00a0<\/em>(<\/span>Benoist, 1929<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1929 Osmia <\/em>sordida<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 1929: 99. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cSyrie: Jaffa\u201d [Israel], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Anthocopa (Anthocopa) sordida<\/em> (Benoist) in Zanden (1985: 60). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) sordida<\/em> Benoist in Warncke (1991e: 322). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) sordida <\/em>(Benoist) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>ET. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>. <\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Warncke (1991e); Zanden (1985: 60).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) speculum<\/em>\u00a0(<\/span>Benoist, 1934<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1934\u00a0Osmia\u00a0<\/em>speculum<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 39: 106.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cGhardaia\u201d [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis) speculum<\/em> (Benoist) in Zanden (1985: 62). Combination\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) speculum<\/em> Benoist in Warncke (1991e: 328). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) speculum <\/em>(Benoist) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

1934\u00a0Osmia <\/em>pseudo-speculum<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 39: 107.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201centre Mogador et Agadir\u201d [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1985: 65).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ<\/span>, MA.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> Mavromoustakis (1949: 293, 1954b: 265); Warncke (1991e); Zanden (1985: 62, 65, 1991b: 350-351).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In\u00a0excavated burrow in rather hard soil.\u00a0Nesting material: <\/strong>Unknown. (Sedivy et al., 2013b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Antirrhineae (e.g.,\u00a0Antirrhinum, Kickxia, Linaria<\/em>) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).\u00a0The median area of the female clypeus of\u00a0H. speculum<\/em> is bare and conspicuously bent. As in Hoplitis nisa<\/em>, this specialized facial area is probably used to open the occluded Antirrhineae flowers (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tkalcuella<\/em>\u00a0Le Goff, 2003<\/span><\/h3>\n

2003\u00a0Hoplitis (Annosmia)\u00a0<\/em>tkalcuella<\/em><\/strong> Le Goff, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 108: 67. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cGuardamar del Segura (Alicante)\u201d [Spain], Le Goff Collection (Barentin); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> E<\/span>, P.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:<\/strong> In excavated burrows in rather hard soil. The entrance burrow ramifies after a length of ca. 1cm into four branches, each containing 1-3 linearly arranged cells separated from each other by a layer of mud.\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong> Cell\u00a0partitions and nest plug built from mud. (Le Goff, 2003c, 2010)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on\u00a0Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Le Goff, 2003c; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 7 pollen samples from the same locality).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tunica<\/em>\u00a0(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) <\/em>tunica<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 323. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cNefta\u201d [Tunisia], OLML (Linz); paratype m.-Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) tunica <\/em>(Warncke) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>TN<\/span>. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Females were observed to exclusively visit the flowers of Moltkiopsis ciliata<\/em> (Boraginaceae) both in Israel and Tunisia (C. Praz, C. Sedivy and A. M\u00fcller, unpublished), suggesting that H. tunica<\/em> is a\u00a0Moltkiopsis <\/em>oligolege. This assumption is supported by the observation that the males of H. tunica<\/em> patrolled Moltkiopsis<\/em> flowers in search of females as well as by the only pollen sample available so far, which consists of Moltkiopsis<\/em> pollen (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) uncaticornis\u00a0<\/em>(<\/span>Stanek, 1969<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1969 Osmia <\/em>uncaticornis<\/em><\/strong> Stanek, Nachrichten des Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums der Stadt Aschaffenburg, 78: 11. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cMut\u201d [Turkey], SMFD (Frankfurt).-Combination Anthocopa (Anthocopa) uncaticornis<\/em> (Stanek) in Zanden (1980: 230). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) uncaticornis<\/em> Stanek in Warncke (1991e: 321). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) uncaticornis <\/em>(Stanek) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>GR<\/span>. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IR, SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Warncke (1991e); Zanden (1980: 230).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong or even exclusive preference for Astragalus<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>cursoria<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(Warncke, 1991)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Osmia (Annosmia) uncaticornis <\/em>cursoria<\/em><\/strong> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 321. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201c20 km SO Harran in 500 m\/Urfa\u201d [Turkey], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:<\/strong>SYR, TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>uncaticornis<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(<\/span>Stanek, 1969<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1969 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>GR<\/span>. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) verhoeffi\u00a0<\/em>(<\/span>Mavromoustakis, 1954<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1954\u00a0Osmia\u00a0<\/em>verhoeffi <\/em><\/strong>Mavromoustakis, Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 4: 265.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cBat Yam\u201d [Israel], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, ff.-Combination\u00a0Osmia (Annosmia) verhoeffi<\/em> Mavromoustakis in Warncke (1991e: 321). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) verhoeffi <\/em>(Mavromoustakis) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL<\/span>, JOR.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong> Warncke (1991e).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown. The two pollen samples available so far (from two different localities) consist of pollen of Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) zonalis\u00a0<\/em>(<\/span>P\u00e9rez, 1895<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Osmia <\/em>zonalis<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 14. Type material<\/span>: f(f) [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Osmia) zonalis<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Friese (1911b: 97). Combination Hoplitis (Hoplitis) zonalis<\/em> (P\u00e9rez) in Zanden (1988b: 122). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) zonalis<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1991e: 325). Combination Hoplitis (Annosmia) zonalis <\/em>(P\u00e9rez) in Michener (2007) and Ungricht et al. (2008).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia<\/em> undulata<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 66. Type material<\/span>: m(m), \u201cFoum-Tatahouin\u201d [Tunisia], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Hoplitis (Hoplitis) undulata<\/em> (P\u00e9rez) in Zanden (1988b: 122).-Synonymy in Warncke (1991e: 325).<\/p>\n

1929 Osmia <\/em>taprurensis<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 1929: 98. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1985: 57), \u201cSfax\u201d [Tunisia], MNHN (Paris); paralectotypes mm.-Combination Hoplitis (Hoplitis) taprurensis<\/em> (Benoist) in Zanden (1985: 58).-Synonymy in Warncke (1991e: 325).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Mavromoustakis (1949: 292-293, 1954b: 262-263, as Osmia sordida<\/em>); Warncke (1991e); Zanden (1985: 58-59).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In excavated burrows in hard-packed sandy soil; the nests are 4-5cm deep containing 1-2 cells at the end of the main burrow or of very short lateral burrows. Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong>Brood cell partitions built from mud; the cells are excavated from the ground, their walls are smoothed and hardened on the inside but apparently not newly constructed.(Mavromoustakis, 1954b; Sedivy et al., 2013b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Mavromoustakis, 1954b; Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>bodenheimeri<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(<\/span>Mavromoustakis, 1949<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1949 Osmia <\/em>bodenheimeri<\/em><\/strong> Mavromoustakis, Eos (Madrid), 25: 289. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cPardes Hannah\u201d [Israel], DAAN (Nicosia); paratype m.-Synonymy with Osmia sordida<\/em> Benoist in Mavromoustakis (1954b: 262), rejected by Warncke (1991e: 326).-Combination Osmia (Annosmia) zonalis bodenheimeri<\/em> Mavromoustakis in Warncke (1991e: 325).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Warncke (1991e).<\/p>\n

– subspecies\u00a0<\/span>zonalis<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(<\/span>P\u00e9rez, 1895<\/span>)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, MA, TN. <\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

monstrabilis<\/em>\u00a0species group<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) astragali\u00a0<\/em>Fateryga, M\u00fcller & Proshchalykin, 2023<\/span><\/h3>\n

2023\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>astragali<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Fateryga, M\u00fcller & Proshchalykin, Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 96: 644. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cDagestan, Tsudakhar\u201d [Russia],\u00a0Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg; paratypes mm, ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>AZ,\u00a0RUS<\/span>(SR). Northern Asia: <\/strong>TM.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-<\/strong>Nesting site:<\/strong> <\/span>Excavated burrows in vertical clay cliffs containing 1-3 brood cells arranged in a linear series. Nesting material:<\/strong> The cell partitions and the nest plug are made of mud. The inner surface of the cell is covered with a 0.4mm thick wall composed of compact soil,<\/span>most probably built by<\/span> th<\/span>e<\/span> female bee after cell excavation. The space in front of the outermost brood cell is not filled with soil resulting in an empty vestibule of 5-14mm in length. Life cycle:<\/strong> The species overwinters as prepupa in the brood cells; some individuals pass a second winter in the cells. Brood parasites:<\/strong> Sapyga caucasica<\/i> (Hymenoptera, Sapygidae). (Fateryga et al., 2023)<\/span><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong or even exclusive preference for Astragalus<\/em> (Fateryga et al., 2023).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) erzurumensis\u00a0<\/em>Tkalcu, 2000<\/span><\/h3>\n

2000 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>erzurumensis<\/em><\/strong> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 323. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cErzurum\u201d [Turkey]; Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on Fabaceae (e.g. Onobrychis, Medicago, Trifolium<\/em>) (\u00d6zbek, 1979b; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 14 pollen samples from 7 different localities).<\/p>\n

H<\/em>oplitis (Hoplitis) hyperplastica <\/em>(Morawitz, 1894)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1894 Osmia hyperplastica<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 28: 34. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “Turusch-Dara” [Turkestan].-Combination Osmia (Osmia) hyperplastica<\/em> Morawitz in Friese (1911b: 83). Combination Osmia (Alcidamea) hyperplastica<\/em> Morawitz in Warncke (1991h: 720).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, TJ;\u00a0Turkestan<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Ducke (1900). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lapidaria\u00a0<\/em>(Morawitz, 1877)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1877 Osmia <\/em>lapidaria<\/em><\/strong> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 14: 40. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Warncke (1991e: 315), \u201cEriwan\u201d [Armenia], ZIN (St. Petersburg); paralectotypes ff.-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) lapidaria<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Annosmia) lapidaria<\/em> Morawitz in Warncke (1991e: 315).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>ARM<\/span>. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Tkalcu (2000a: 329); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1991e). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Possibly in fissures of rocks. <\/em>Nesting material: <\/strong>Unknown. (Morawitz, 1877)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>The only 2 pollen samples available so far (from 2 different localities) consist of pollen of Hedysareae (Fabaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) monstrabilis\u00a0<\/em>Tkalcu, 2000<\/span><\/h3>\n

2000 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>monstrabilis<\/em><\/strong> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 323. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cErzurum\u201d [Turkey], EMET (Erzurum); paratypes ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>JOR,\u00a0TR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Excavated burrows in sparsely vegetated to bare, horizontal and hard soil with 5-8 cells attached to the main tunnel or to one another in a linear series (similar to\u00a0Hoplitis mocsaryi<\/em>). The nests are very shallow, some cells are only 2-2.5cm below the ground surface.\u00a0Nesting material: <\/strong>The cell partitions are made of mud. Each cell exhibits a 1-2mm thick cell wall composed of compact soil; the nature of the cell wall is unclear: it is either a special clay coating transported into the cell and applied by the female, or it is merely the result of the female smoothing the inner surface of the newly excavated cell. (Rozen et al., 2009).<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Hedysareae (Fabaceae) (Rozen et al., 2009; Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tenuiserrata\u00a0<\/em>(Benoist, 1950)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1950 Osmia <\/em>tenuiserrata<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc (Rabat), 30: 45. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cGoulimine\u201d [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) tenuiserrata<\/em> Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 111).<\/p>\n

1950 Osmia<\/em> gibbifera<\/strong><\/em> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc (Rabat), 30: 46. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, \u201cGoulimine\u201d [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1985: 68).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 67-68).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0<\/strong>Excavated burrows in sparsely vegetated horizontal soil. The only nest found so far consisted of a 8mm long vertical burrow containing one still open brood cell at its end measuring 7.5mm in length.\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong> The cell had a thin wall composed of compact soil, which was either applied by the female or resulted from the smoothing of the inner surface of the newly excavated cell. (Le Goff, 2017b, personal communication)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong or even exclusive preference for Loteae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

adunca<\/em>\u00a0species group\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Panzer, 1798)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1798 Apis adunca<\/strong><\/em> Panzer, Faunae Insectorum Germanicae, 56: 5. Type material<\/span>: m(m), [Germany]. Type species<\/span> of Ctenosmia<\/em> Thomson and Hoplitis<\/em> Klug.-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) adunca<\/em> (Panzer) in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) adunca<\/em> (Panzer) in Warncke (1992a: 116).<\/p>\n

1841 Osmia<\/em> Spinolae<\/em><\/strong> Lepeletier, Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hym\u00e9nopt\u00e8res, vol. 2, p. 328 [not seen]. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 176), “toute la France” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975a: 176).<\/p>\n

1910 Osmia<\/em> aduncoides<\/em><\/strong> Strand, Entomologische Zeitschrift (Frankfurt), 24: 216. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of T. Griswold (Zanden, 1989: 73), “Algier, Constantine” [Algeria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Synonymy with Hoplitis adunca contraria<\/em> Tkalcu in Zanden (1989: 73).<\/p>\n

1974 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) adunca contraria<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Beitr\u00e4ge zur Entomologie (Berlin), 24: 329. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Villab\u00e1\u00f1ez Valladolid” [Spain], Asensio Collection (Valladolid); paratypes mm, ff.-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 116).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>A, AL, AND, ARM, AZ, B, BG, BIH, BY,\u00a0<\/strong>CH, CZ, D<\/span>, DK, E, E(Ba), EST, F, F(Co), FL, GB, GE,<\/span>\u00a0GR (mainland, Aegean Islands), H, HR, I, I(Sa), I(Si), L, LT, LV, M, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS(CR,SR), SK, SCG, SLO, UA. <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ, LAR, MA, TN. <\/em>Northern Asia: <\/strong>KS, KZ, RUS(FS), TM. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Radoszkowski (1887a: 287-288); Romankova (1995); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1983: 131); Le Divelec (2024).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: insect burrows and drilled borings in dead wood; hollow stems (e.g. <\/span>Phragmites<\/span><\/em>) and drilled borings in stems; abandoned cells and burrows of other aculeates (e.g. <\/span>Megachile parietina, Colletes, Anthophora, Odynerus)<\/span><\/em>; holes and crevices in clay and stone walls and in banks; glass tubes. <\/span>Nesting material:<\/strong><\/span> Cell partitions and nest plug made of mud without addition of pebbles.\u00a0The outer surface of the nest plug is often covered with wood fibers, sand, dust etc. There is a clear tendency to line the burrow walls completely or partially with mud; in the most extreme case, the nest consists of a uniform mud cylinder containig several cells. The\u00a0cells are delimited both in front and in the rear by two mud partitions glued together, which might indicate remains of the habit to build entire cells. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001;\u00a0Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Bosch, Vicens and Blas, 1993;\u00a0Brechtel, 1986;\u00a0Friese, 1923;\u00a0Grandi, 1961;\u00a0Le Goff, 2004b;\u00a0Malyshev, 1937;\u00a0M\u00fcller et al., 1997;\u00a0Popovici-Baznosanu, 1909;\u00a0Westrich, 1989) <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004; Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Gogala, 1999; Sedivy et al., 2013a; Westrich, 1989).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) albopilosa<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1987<\/span><\/h3>\n

1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) albopilosa<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Acta Entomologica Sinica (Beijing), 30: 445, 449. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Xizang, Gongbujiangda” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RC(WP)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) andreasmuelleri<\/em><\/strong> Fateryga & Proshchalykin, 2024<\/span><\/h3>\n

2024\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis) andreasmuelleri<\/strong><\/em> Fateryga & Proshchalykin, Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 97: 1422. Type material<\/span>:\u00a0Holotype m, \u201cDagestan: vicinity of Kurush\u201d [Russia], ZISP (St. Petersburg); paratypes mm, ff<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>RUS<\/span>(SR).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Possibly oligolectic on Vicia<\/em> (Fabaceae) (Fateryga et al., 2024).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) anthocopoides\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Schenck, 1853)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1853 Osmia anthocopoides<\/strong><\/em> Schenck, Jahrb\u00fccher des Vereins f\u00fcr Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, 9: 181. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 177), “Herzogthum Nassau” [Germany], SMFD (Frankfurt); paralectotype m.-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) anthocopoides<\/em> Schenck in Warncke (1992a: 113).<\/p>\n

1869 Osmia<\/em> caementaria<\/em><\/strong> Gerstaecker, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 30: 339. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 177), “Mark Brandenburg Falkenberg” [Germany], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotype f.-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) caementaria<\/em> Gerstaecker in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1975a: 177).<\/p>\n

1879 Osmia<\/em> hybrida<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 200. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Marseille” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) hybrida<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 113).<\/p>\n

1901 Osmia<\/em> romana<\/em><\/strong> Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 176. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Roma” [Italy], OUMNH (Oxford).-Synonymy in Tkalcu (1977b: 228).<\/p>\n

1969 Fertonella<\/em> algerica<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 74: 244. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Dellys” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 113).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>A, ARM, B, BG, BY,\u00a0<\/strong>CH, CZ, D<\/span>, DK, E, E(Ba), EST, F, F(Co), H, HR, I, I(Si), L, LT, LV, MK, NL, P, PL, RO, RUS(SR), S, SCG, SK, SLO, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ, MA, TN. <\/em>Extralimital:\u00a0<\/strong>Nearctic (Canada, USA) [Introduced].<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931, as Osmia spinolae<\/em>); Ducke (1900, as Osmia spinolae<\/em>); Eickwort (1970: 190, 192); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In depressions, cracks or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed; in small rock cavities containing 1-3 hidden cells.\u00a0Nests contain 1-33, mostly 3-8 cells. Nesting material:<\/strong> Brood cells and nest plug built from\u00a0rather coarse pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (Banaszak & Romasenko, 2001;\u00a0Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Bonelli, 1971;\u00a0Eickwort, 1973, 1975;\u00a0Friese, 1923;\u00a0Gerstaecker, 1869;\u00a0Le Goff 2004b;\u00a0M\u00fcller et al., 1997;\u00a0Westrich, 1989)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004;\u00a0Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001;\u00a0Eickwort, 1973, 1975; Gogala, 1999; Sedivy et al., 2013a; Westrich, 1989).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) benoisti\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Alfken, 1935) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1879 Osmia Morawitzi<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 199. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia morawitzi <\/em>Gerstaecker, 1869]. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Marseille, Montpellier” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) morawitzi<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).<\/p>\n

1935 Osmia benoisti<\/strong><\/em> Alfken, Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und \u00dcbersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 189. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia morawitzi<\/em> P\u00e9rez, 1879 [not Osmia morawitzi <\/em>Gerstaecker, 1869].-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) benoisti<\/em> Alfken in Warncke (1992a: 115).<\/p>\n

1969 Osmia<\/em> grinincensis<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 74: 244. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Grasse” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1985: 69).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>E, E(Ba),\u00a0F<\/span>, I , I(Sa), I(Si)?, P; HR<\/del>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Benoist (1931); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Stanek (1969a: 25-26); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 65); Le Divelec (2024).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Exposed nests on rock or stone surface; in small rock cavities containing 1-3 hidden cells or exceptionally in insect burrows in the ground. Nesting material:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Brood cells and nest plug made of mud without addition of pebbles.<\/em>\u00a0Cleptoparasite: Dioxys cinctus, D. moestus<\/em>. (Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Le Goff, 2004, personal observation; Baldock et al., 2018; I. Cross, 2018, personal observation.)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Benoist, 1931; Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bihamata\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Costa, 1885) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1885 Osmia (Ctenosmia) bihamata<\/strong><\/em> Costa, Atti della Reale Accademia delle scienze fisiche e matematiche di Napoli, (2)1: 20<\/span>. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Sardegna” [Italy: Sardinia].-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) bihamata<\/em> Costa in Warncke (1992a: 108).<\/p>\n

1901 Osmia<\/em> corsica<\/em><\/strong> Ferton, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 1901: 61. Type material<\/span>:\u00a0Lectotype f, by designation of Le Divelec et al. (2024: 174), \u201cVizzavona\u201d [France: Corsica], MNHN (Paris); paralectotypes ff, mm<\/span>.-Synonymy in Alfken (1937: 107).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>F(Co), I(Sa)<\/u>; the species formerly occurred also on Capraia Island in the Tuscan Archipelago (Masi 1933, confirmed by M. Cornalba). Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/del>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); M\u00fcller (2016); Stanek (1969a: 27-28); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1983: 131).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In small rock cavities containing in one case a single brood cell. Nesting material: <\/strong>Brood cells built from mud intermixed with small pebbles. (Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Ferton, 1901b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Mesolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae), Lamiaceae and Fabaceae (Benoist, 1931; Sedivy et al., 2013a). The females are equipped with a specialized pilosity on the clypeus composed of stiff and apically twisted bristles, which are probably used to remove pollen from the raised anthers of Lamiaceae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) bilobulata<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1993<\/span><\/h3>\n

1993 Hoplitis bilobulata<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region, vol. 2, p. 1394, p. 1419. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Yunnan: Dequnadun, 2700 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes mm, f.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RC(SW)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) brevicornis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morawitz, 1880)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1880 Osmia brevicornis<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Bulletin de l’Acad\u00e9mie Imp\u00e9riale des Sciences de St.-P\u00e9tersbourg, 26: 386. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “bei Krasnowodsk” [Turkmenistan].<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TM<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) brevispora\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Warncke, 1992) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) brevispora<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 110. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Irherm” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown. 2 pollen samples from 2 different localities contained pollen of Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae); in one of the pollen samples, a small percentage of Lamiaceae pollen was recorded (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) carinata\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Stanek, 1969) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1969 Osmia carinata<\/strong><\/em> Stanek, Nachrichten des Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums der Stadt Aschaffenburg, 78: 3. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Beysehir-See, 1121 m” [Turkey], SMFD (Frankfurt).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>ARM, AZ, BG,GR, HR, MK, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IR,\u00a0JOR, TR<\/span>, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>The only nest found so far was built in a shallow depression at the surface of a stone and contained 5 brood cells. Nesting material:<\/strong> The brood cells were built from\u00a0mud and finally covered with a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (Fateryga et al., 2018).<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong preference for Hedysareae (\u00d6zbek, 1979b; \u00d6zbek and Zanden, 1992a; Sedivy et al., 2013a). Several pollen samples from two different localities were found to contain small amounts of Boraginaceae pollen, which was probably not actively collected, indicating that flowers of the Boraginaceae are sometimes used as nectar sources.
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) carinotarsa<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1987 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) carinotarsa<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Acta Entomologica Sinica (Beijing), 30: 446, 449. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Sichuan, Emei” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes m, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RC(SW)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Wu (2006).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) cretensis <\/em><\/strong>M\u00fcller & Wood, 2025<\/span><\/h3>\n

2025 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) cretensis<\/strong><\/em> M\u00fcller & Wood, Zootaxa, 5631: 91. Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201cCrete: Ida mountains, 2100 m\u201d [Greece], ETH (Zurich); paratype f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>GR(Cr).<\/u><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ctenophora\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Benoist, 1934) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1934 Osmia ctenophora<\/strong><\/em> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 39: 159. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Mecheria” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) ctenophora<\/em> Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 111).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ<\/span>, MA, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1985: 66).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Mesolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) and Fabaceae with a strong preference for Echium<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) dagestanica\u00a0<\/em>Fateryga, M\u00fcller & Proshchalykin, 2023<\/span><\/h3>\n

2023\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>dagestanica<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Fateryga, M\u00fcller & Proshchalykin, Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 96: 647. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cDagestan, Tsudakhar\u201d [Russia],\u00a0Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg; paratypes mm, ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>RUS<\/span>(SR).<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown. Flower records: Astragalus haesitabundus <\/i>(Fabaceae) (Fateryga et al., 2023).<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fabrei\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1987 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fabrei<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 25: 74. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Tebloni, Korfu” [Greece], RMNH (Leiden) ; paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>GR<\/span>, GR(Aegina), MK.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Nesting site: <\/strong>In small rock cavities containing in one case 2 brood cells.\u00a0Nesting material: <\/strong>Cells are built from mud without addition of pebbles.\u00a0(Le Goff, 2012)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic with a preference for Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae), Campanulaceae and Fabaceae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fertoni\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(P\u00e9rez, 1890) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1890 Osmia Fertoni<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, in: Ferton, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 44: 206. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 178), “Alger” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris); paralectotype m.-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) fertoni<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1992a: 113).<\/p>\n

1895 Osmia<\/em> albispina<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 16. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Tkalcu (1975a: 178), “Kairuan” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris); paralectotype f.-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 114) and in Zanden (1992b: 66).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia<\/em> Mecheriana<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 68. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Warncke (1992a: 113), “M\u00e9ch\u00e9ria (Sud-Oranais)” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 113).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>E, E(Ba), I(Si), P. <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ<\/span>, ET, MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:<\/strong>IL.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Ducke (1900); Ferton (1890: 206); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Peters (1975: 53-55); Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: empty snail shells of medium to rather large size (e.g. Cernuella,\u00a0<\/em>Eobania, Otala, Sphincterochila, Theba<\/em>) with 1-10 brood cells, which are sometimes interrupted by empty intercalary cells; one nest was found in a pen cap partly buried in sandy ground.\u00a0Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong>Cell partitions and nest plug are made of mud, sometimes mixed with small pebbles. In larger shells, the cells are sometimes arranged side by side rather than in a linear series with the cell walls partially consisting of mud. After selection of a suitable shell for nesting, the nest is closed at the shell aperture except for a small opening, which allows access to the nest during cell provisioning; this opening is closed at the end of the nesting cycle. The closed nest is neither transported to a protected place nor is the shell opening turned towards the ground. Old nests are often reused. Brood parasites:<\/strong> Dioxys moesta<\/em> (Megachilidae), Chrysura hybrida<\/em> (Chrysididae), Stenomutilla collaris<\/em> and S. hottentotta<\/em> (Mutillidae), Anthrax aethiops<\/em> (Bombyliidae).\u00a0(Bogusch et al., 2020; Ferton, 1890, 1908;\u00a0Le Goff, 2003a; Sedivy et al., 2013b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong><\/strong>Oligolectic on Boraginaceae (e.g.\u00a0Echium, Lithodora<\/em>) (Bogusch et al., 2020; Le Goff, 2003a; Sedivy et al., 2013a).
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) flabellifera\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morice, 1901) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1901 Osmia flabellifera<\/strong><\/em> Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 177. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1995: 428), “Bethlehem” [Palestine], OUMNH (Oxford).<\/p>\n

1935 Osmia conjuncta<\/strong><\/em> Alfken, Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und \u00dcbersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 189. NOMEN PRAEOCCUPATUM [not Osmia conjuncta <\/em>Cresson, 1864]. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Zanden (1995: 428), “Nablus” [Palestine], ZMHB (Berlin).<\/p>\n

1935 Osmia<\/em> stichi<\/em><\/strong> (Alfken), Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und \u00dcbersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 315. NOMEN NOVUM with same type specimen for preoccupied Osmia conjuncta<\/em> Alfken, 1935 [not Osmia conjuncta <\/em>Cresson, 1864].<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>, IR, JOR, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Mesolectic on Boraginaceae (mainly Anchusa<\/em>) and Fabaceae (Sedivy et al., 2013a). The females possess curved bristles on the tarsi of their forelegs, which are used to extract pollen from the narrow-tubed\u00a0Anchusa<\/em> flowers (Sedivy et al., 2013a).\u00a0Similar specialized bristles developed either on the mouthparts or on the forelegs are known to occur in many other bee taxa where they serve to remove pollen from narrow-tubed flowers (M\u00fcller, 1995, 2006; M\u00fcller and Kuhlmann, 2003; Thorp, 2000).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fortispina\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(P\u00e9rez, 1895) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Osmia fortispina<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 15 [redescribed in Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 66]. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Alg\u00e9rie” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) fortispina<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1992a: 114).<\/p>\n

1934\u00a0Osmia<\/em>\u00a0oreades<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 39: 107.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Tizi n’Test, 2000-2450m” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Combination\u00a0Osmia (Hoplitis) oreades<\/em>\u00a0Benoist in Warncke (1992a: 110).-New synonymy based on type material (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

1934\u00a0Osmia<\/em>\u00a0pectinifera<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 39: 159.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Asni” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy with Hoplitis oreades<\/em> in Warncke (1992a: 110).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>MA, DZ<\/span>, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Warncke (1992a);\u00a0<\/strong>Zanden (1985: 65, 1989: 74).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown.\u00a0Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong>A female was observed to collect mud on the ground. (Sedivy et al., 2013b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong preference for Loteae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) galichicae<\/em> M\u00fcller, 2016<\/span><\/h3>\n

2016 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>galichicae<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 4111: 168. Type material<\/u>: Holotype m, \u201cN.P. Galicica, 600-1500m\u201d [Macedonia], Schwarz Collection (Ansfelden); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>BG, MK<\/u>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Possibly oligolectic on Sedum<\/em> (Crassulaceae) (M\u00fcller, 2016). In line with this assumption, a female was collected on Sedum<\/em> near Katuntsi in southwesternmost Bulgaria in 2024 (T. Wood, personal communication).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em><\/strong> gregaria\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>(Warncke, 1992)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) benoisti gregaria<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 116. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “30 km N Ksar-es-Souk” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ,\u00a0MA<\/span>, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Le Divelec (2024).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology. <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em><\/strong>heliotropii <\/strong><\/em>M\u00fcller, 2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n

2026 <\/span>Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>heliotropii <\/i><\/strong>M\u00fcller in M\u00fcller et al., Zootaxa, 5782: 332. <\/span>Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201c20 km W Huraymila\u201d [Saudi Arabia], ETHZ (Zurich); paratypes mm, f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-<\/strong>Southwestern Asia:<\/span><\/strong> SA<\/u>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nesting biology. <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Polylectic with a probably strong preference for Heliotropium<\/i> (Boraginaceae) (M\u00fcller et al., 2026). <\/span>The females are equipped with <\/span>apically curved <\/span>bristles <\/span>on <\/span>the first and the second<\/span> segment of the labial palpus<\/span>, which are used to extract pollen from the narrow flower tubes of Heliotropium<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) hilbera\u00a0<\/em>M\u00fcller, 2012<\/span><\/h3>\n

2012 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>hilbera<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 3355: 46. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201cMurcia, Alhama de Murcia\u201d [Spain], ETHZ (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> E<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Mesolectic on Fabaceae, Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) and possibly Brassicaceae (M\u00fcller, 2012a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) hoggara\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Warncke, 1992) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) hoggara<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 109. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Guelta bei Ilamane in 1900 m\/Hoggar” [Algeria], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ<\/span>, MA.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong preference for Loteae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) holmboei\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Mavromoustakis, 1948) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1948 Osmia holmboei<\/strong><\/em> Mavromoustakis, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London), ser. 12, 1: 578. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Yermasoyia River” [Cyprus], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>GR<\/del>.\u00a0Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>CY<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Boraginaceae (Onosma<\/em>, Echium, Lithodora<\/em>) (Mavromoustakis, 1948c; Sedivy et al., 2013a). The females were observed to apply buzzing to remove pollen from the flowers of Onosma fruticosa<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) homalocera\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1991 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1991 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) homalocera<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 23: 348. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Jericho” [Palestine], DAAN (Nicosia); paratypes mm, f.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>, JOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0Unknown. Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong>A female was observed to collect mud on the ground. (Sedivy et al., 2013b<\/span><\/strong>)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Podonosma<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a). The females were observed to apply buzzing to remove pollen from the flowers of Podonosma orientalis<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) improceros\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1998 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1998 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) improceros<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 30: 525. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “10 km SE Adad, Dead Sea” [Israel], RMNH (Leiden); paratype m.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) insularis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Schmiedeknecht, 1886) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1886 Osmia (Ctenosmia) insularis<\/strong><\/em> Schmiedeknecht, Apidae Europaeae, vol. 2, p. 158 [1024]. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype f, by designation of Peters (1975: 53), “Mallorca” [Spain: Balearic Islands], ZMHB (Berlin); paralectotypes m, ff.-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) insularis<\/em> Schmiedeknecht in Warncke (1992a: 112).<\/p>\n

1895 Osmia<\/em> Vaulogeri<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Esp\u00e8ces nouvelles de mellif\u00e8res de Barbarie, p. 16. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1991b: 352), “Teniet” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1991b: 352).<\/p>\n

1992\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0latuspilosa<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Zanden, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 69.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “M’rirt” [Morocco], MNHN (Paris); paratype m.-New synonymy based on type material (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>E,\u00a0E(Ba)<\/span>, I(Sa), I(Si). <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ, LAR, MA, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Benoist (1931); Ducke (1898: 261-262, 1900); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Peters (1975: 53, 55); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a); Zanden (1991b: 358-359).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Mesolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) and Fabaceae with a strong preference for Echium<\/em> (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) jhering<\/em><\/strong>ii\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Ducke, 1898) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1898 Osmia jheringii<\/strong><\/em> Ducke, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 24: 260. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, ff, “Triester Karst” [Italy].-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) jheringii<\/em> Ducke in Warncke (1992a: 107).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>I<\/span>, GR, HR, MK, SLO. <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ, ET, MA, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Ducke (1900); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Peters (1975: 53, 55); Stanek (1969a: 29-30); Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Fabaceae with a strong preference for Loteae (Ducke, 1900; Sedivy et al., 2013a). Flower records: Genista sylvestris<\/em> (A. Gogala, personal communication).<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> hirundo<\/strong><\/em> (Warncke, 1992)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) jheringii hirundo<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 107. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “50 km SO Taroudannt, Strasse nach Irherm” [Morocco], OLML (Linz); paratypes m(m), f(f).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies\u00a0<\/span>jheringii <\/strong><\/em>(Ducke, 1898)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1898 Automatically established nominotypical subspecific taxon (original description and type specimen are identical with those of the species rank taxon of the same name above).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>I<\/span>, HR, GR, MK, SLO.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

– <\/span><\/em>subspecies<\/span> urbica\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>(Warncke, 1992)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Osmia (Hoplitis) jheringii urbica<\/strong><\/em> Warncke, Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge, 24: 108. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “30 km SO Zaghouan” [Tunisia], OLML (Linz); paratypes mm.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ, ET?, TN<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) legoffi<\/em><\/strong> Le Divelec, 2024<\/span><\/h3>\n

2024 Hoplitis legoffi<\/strong><\/em> Le Divelec, Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France. Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201cBonifacio, Corsica\u201d [France], MNHN (Paris); paratypes ff, mm.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>F<\/span>(Co), I(Sa).<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lepeletieri\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(P\u00e9rez, 1879) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1879 Osmia Lepeletieri<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 198. Type material<\/span>: f(f), [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) lepeletieri<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>A, AND, CH, D, E, F<\/span>, H?, I, SCG?, SLO; RUS<\/del>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958); Morice (1901); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In depressions, cracks or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed. Nests contain 2-8 cells.\u00a0Nesting material: <\/strong>Brood cells are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells are finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001;\u00a0Benoist, 1931; Bonelli, 1969;\u00a0Ferton, 1901a; Friese, 1923;\u00a0Gogala, 1999; Sedivy et al., 2013b; Westrich, 1989)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong><\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004;\u00a0Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Gogala, 1999; M\u00fcller (2016); Sedivy et al., 2013a; Westrich, 1989).
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) libanensis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morice, 1901) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1901 Osmia libanensis<\/strong><\/em> Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 177. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Syria (Brumana)” [Lebanon], OUMNH (Oxford).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL, JOR,\u00a0RL<\/span>, SYR, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Possibly oligolectic on Fabaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 5 pollen samples from 3 different localities).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) linguaria\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morawitz, 1875) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1875\u00a0Osmia linguaria<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 12: 39. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “um Azchur” [Georgia], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) linguaria<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).<\/p>\n

Distribution- Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>GE<\/span>, RU(SR).\u00a0Northern Asia<\/strong>. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IRQ, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Ducke (1900); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Tkalcu (1992: 218-219); Zanden (1987: 80-82).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/b>Probably\u00a0oligolectic on\u00a0Onosma<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Morawitz, 1876; A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 2 pollen samples from 2 different localities). This assumption is supported by the very long proboscis of this species and by observations in Dagestan, were both females and males were observed to visit the flowers of Onosma caucasica<\/em> (A. Fateryga, personal communication).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lithodorae<\/em> M\u00fcller, 2012<\/span><\/h3>\n

2012 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>lithodorae<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 3355: 47. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201c67km SSE of Valencia, Villalonga\u201d [Spain], ETHZ (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> E<\/span>, F.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Probably oligolectic on Lithodora<\/em> (Boraginaceae)\u00a0(M\u00fcller, 2012a; Aubert, 2017). The females are equipped with conspicuous hooked bristles on the galeae of their proboscis. These specialized bristles probably serve to scrape pollen out of the narrow-tubed flowers of Lithodora<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) loti\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morawitz, 1867) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1867 Osmia Loti<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 5: 66. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “St. Moritz” [Switzerland].<\/p>\n

1869 Osmia <\/em>morawitzi<\/em><\/strong> Gerstaecker, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 30: 344. Type material<\/span>: m(m).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) morawitzi<\/em> Gerstaecker in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Schwarz (1996: 124).<\/p>\n

1879 Osmia<\/em> difformis<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Actes de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 33: 202. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, “Hautes et Basses-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) difformis<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]).-Synonymy in Bl\u00fcthgen (1920: 33).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>A,\u00a0CH<\/span>, CZ<\/del>, D, E, F, FL, H<\/del>, HR<\/del>, GR, I, RUS<\/del>, SCG?, SLO.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Bl\u00fcthgen (1920: 31); Ducke (1900); Medvedeva (1978); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Scheuchl (1996); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In depressions, cracks or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed; sometimes in\u00a0abandoned cells of\u00a0Hoplitis lepeletieri <\/em>or in small rock cavities where the cells are hidden. Nests contain\u00a0mostly 3-4 cells.\u00a0<\/em>Nesting material: <\/strong>Brood\u00a0cells and nest plug are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells are finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001;\u00a0Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Bl\u00fcthgen, 1920;\u00a0Friese, 1895, 1923;\u00a0Micheli, 1931;\u00a0Morawitz, 1867; Sedivy et al., 2013b; Westrich, 1990)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong><\/strong>Polylectic\u00a0on Fabaceae, Crassulaceae,\u00a0Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) and Lamiaceae with a strong preference for Loteae (Amiet et al., 2004;\u00a0Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Sedivy et al., 2013a; Westrich, 1989).
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) manicata\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morice, 1901) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1901 Osmia manicata<\/strong><\/em> Morice, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901: 176. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, “Zante” [Greece], OUMNH (Oxford).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>A, AL,\u00a0<\/em>ARM, AZ, BG,CZ, F(Co),\u00a0GR<\/span>, GR(Aegean Islands, Cr), H, HR, I, MK, RO, RUS(SR), SCG, SK, UA, UA(Crimea). <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ?. Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); M\u00fcller (2016); Scheuchl (1996); Zanden (1984c: 180-181); Le Divelec (2024).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0Preexisting cavities: hollow stems (e.g.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Arundo<\/em>, Phragmites<\/em><\/span>) with 1-12 brood cells, abandoned mud nests of Sceliphron<\/em> (Sphecidae).\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong> Nest plug, cell partitions and large parts of the cell walls, sometimes entire cells, made of mud without addition of pebbles. Brood parasites:<\/strong> Dioxys\u00a0cincta<\/em> (Megachilidae), Monodontomerus obscurus<\/em> (Torymidae), Apalus<\/em> spec. (Meloidae). (Ivanov et al., 2012, 2019; G.\u00a0Le Goff, personal observation)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) marchali\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(P\u00e9rez, 1902) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1902 Osmia Marchali<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 67. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Warncke (1992a: 108), “Batna, Bougie, Hammam-Meskoutin” [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) marchali<\/em> P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1992a: 108).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>E, I(Si), P. <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>DZ<\/span>, MA, TN.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016);\u00a0Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Small cavities in rocks with 1-2 brood cells. <\/span>Nesting material: <\/strong>Brood ce<\/span>lls and nest plug made of mud without addition of pebbles. <\/em>(L<\/span><\/em><\/span>e Gof<\/span><\/em><\/span>f, 2005b, personal observation)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0<\/em>maussi<\/i>\u00a0M\u00fcller, 2022<\/span><\/h3>\n

2022 Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0maussi\u00a0<\/strong><\/i>M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 5188: 247.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, \u201c4 km ESE Ait Baha, 620 m\u201d [Morocco], ETH (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> MA<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions<\/strong>: No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:<\/strong> Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Possibly mesolectic on Fabaceae and Boraginaceae (Echium<\/em>) (M\u00fcller, 2022b).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) mucida<\/em> (Dours, 1873)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1873 Osmia <\/em>mucida<\/em><\/strong> Dours, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliqu\u00e9, ser. 3, 1: 293. Type material<\/u>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), \u201cAlg\u00e9rie\u201d [Algeria], Dours Collection, presumed destroyed (Zanden 1990: 52).-Combination Osmia (Ctenosmia) mucida<\/em> Dours in Schmiedeknecht (1885: 21 [887]). Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) mucida<\/em> Dours in Warncke (1992a: 114).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia<\/em> Chobauti<\/em> <\/strong>P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 66. Type material<\/u>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), \u201cMargueritte\u201d [Algeria], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Zanden (1990: 52).<\/p>\n

1929 Osmia <\/em>maroccana<\/em><\/strong> Benoist, Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 98: 250. Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201cRas el Ma pr\u00e8s d\u2019Azrou\u201d [Morocco], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy with Hoplitis chobauti <\/em>(P\u00e9rez) in Zanden (1985: 60).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:<\/strong> DZ<\/u>, MA, TN. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:<\/strong> IL, JOR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Mavromoustakis (1947: 359-360); M\u00fcller (2016); M\u00fcller et al. (2017); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886); Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Free-standing, cake-like nests on horizontal and flat surfaces of stones and rocks measuring 4.5-6.2 cm in maximal length, 4.0-5.1 cm in maximal width and 1.7-2.0 cm in maximal height. The nests contain 8-12 brood cells, which are constructed side by side and oriented almost perpendicular to the stony surface. Nesting material: <\/strong>The nests are completely built from mud including small sand grains but without addition of larger pebbles. Irregularities and hollow spaces between the apical ends of the brood cells as well as between the walls of the outermost cells are smoothed out with mud, which results in a contiguous and uniform top and lateral layer giving the nest a cake-like form completely concealing the shape of the brood cells.\u00a0(M\u00fcller et al., 2017)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ochraceicornis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Ferton, 1902) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1902 Osmia ochraceicornis<\/strong><\/em> Ferton, Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 71: 499. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), “Saillagouse (Cerdagne: Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales)” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) ochraceicornis<\/em> Ferton in Warncke (1992a: 109).<\/p>\n

1969 Fertonella seyrigi<\/strong><\/em> Benoist, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France, 74: 245. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Pe\u00f1arroya” [Spain], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 109).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>AND, E,\u00a0F<\/span>, I, MK<\/del>, P. <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>P(Ma)?.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Benoist (1931); M\u00fcller (2016); Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0Small cavities in rocks.\u00a0Nesting material: The cell<\/span>s are built from mud. (Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Ferton, 1902) <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Mesolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae), Fabaceae and Lamiaceae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevae\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Aubert, 2024<\/span><\/h3>\n

2024\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0onosmaevae\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>Aubert, Alpine Entomology, 8: 68. <\/span>Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201cAlpes-Maritimes, Tin\u00e9e Valley, Saint-Etienne-de-Tin\u00e9e\u201d [France], MNHN (Paris); paratypes mm, ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>F<\/span>. <\/em>Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>IRQ, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0<\/strong>Insect burrows in dead wood.\u00a0<\/span>Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/strong>The nest plug is built from <\/span>small pebbles glued together with <\/span>mud, the cell partitions consist of mud without addition of pebbles.\u00a0<\/span>(Aubert et al., 2024)<\/span><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Probably oligolectic on Onosma<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Aubert et al., 2024).\u00a0The females were observed to apply buzzing to remove pollen from the flowers of Onosma tricerosperma<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) pallicornis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Friese, 1895)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1895 Osmia pallicornis<\/strong><\/em> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 21: 131. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1987: 74), “Fiume, Zengg und Pola” [Croatia], ZMHB (Berlin).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>AL,\u00a0<\/em>BG,\u00a0GR(Cr, Chios, Lesbos, Limnos, Thasos), HR<\/span>, I, MK, SLO. <\/em>Northern Africa:<\/strong> ET.\u00a0Southwestern Asia: <\/strong>CY, IL, IRQ, JOR, RL, SYR, TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Ducke (1900, as Osmia difformis<\/em>); Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2016); Zanden (1987: 74-75).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Preexisting cavities: holes\u00a0in stones; empty snail shells (e.g. Eremina desertorum<\/em>).<\/span> Nesting material: The <\/span>cells <\/span><\/span>are built from mud and small pebbles. (Stahlberg, 1909; Gogala, 1999)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Polylectic with a preference for Boraginaceae (mainly Echium<\/em>), Fabaceae and Campanulaceae (Sedivy et al., 2013a).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis)\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>perambigua\u00a0<\/em>(Peters, 1975)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1975\u00a0Osmia anthocopoides\u00a0perambigua<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Peters, Senckenbergiana Biologica (Frankfurt), 56: 51.\u00a0Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Tenerife: La Cuesta” [Spain: Canary Islands], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>E(Ca)<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:<\/strong> Preexisting cavities: Small holes in porous lava rocks and in boulders likely containing only one brood cell. Nesting material:<\/strong> The nest cavities are closed with mud and small stones. Old nests are often reused. (Jacobi and Wood, 2023)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Jacobi and Wood, 2023). The females often steal pollen from still closed flowers by forcefully opening buds.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) pici\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Friese, 1899)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1899 Osmia<\/em> pici<\/em><\/strong> Friese, Entomologische Nachrichten (Berlin), 25: 332. Type material<\/span>: Lectotype m, by designation of Zanden (1987: 80), “Broussa” [Syria], ZMHB (Berlin).-Combination Hoplitis (Alcidamea) pici <\/em>(Friese) in Zanden (1987: 80).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, BG, GR, GR(Cr, Rhodes), HR, <\/em>RO, SCG. <\/em>Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RL,\u00a0SYR<\/span>, TR.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Morice (1901); M\u00fcller (2006, 2016); Zanden (1987: 80).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0Exposed nest on the surface of a large rock.\u00a0Nesting material:\u00a0The cells are made of mud. (P. Hartmann, personal observation)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Oligolectic on Muscari<\/em> (Hyacinthaceae) (M\u00fcller, 2006; Sedivy et al., 2013a). The females are equipped with conspicuous hooked bristles on the galeae of their proboscis. These specialized bristles serve to scrape pollen out of the urn-shaped Muscari<\/em> flowers, which have a very small opening only (M\u00fcller, 2006).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) prosii<\/i>\u00a0<\/i>M\u00fcller, 2022<\/span><\/h3>\n

2022\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis)<\/em>\u00a0prosii<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 5188: 249. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Dra valley, near Agdz, 900 m” [Morocco], ETH (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-<\/strong>Northern Africa: <\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Warncke (1992a, as Osmia brunnescens<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0<\/strong>Probably in holes, fissures or surface irregularities of rocks and stones. Nesting material:\u00a0<\/strong>Unknown. (M\u00fcller, 2022b)<\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0<\/strong>Mesolectic on Trichodesma<\/em> and Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae), Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae) and Loteae (Fabaceae) (Sedivy et al., 2013a, as Hoplitis brunnescens<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) quettensis<\/em><\/strong> Tkalcu, 2000 <\/span><\/h3>\n

2000 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) quettensis<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 64: 320. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Quetta” [Pakistan], BMNH (London); paratype m.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>PAK<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) ravouxi\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(P\u00e9rez, 1902)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1902 Osmia Ravouxi<\/strong><\/em> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 67. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “Etroussat (Allier) et Alpes maritimes” [France], MNHN (Paris).-Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) ravouxi <\/em>P\u00e9rez in Warncke (1992a: 112).<\/p>\n

1902 Osmia<\/em> rhinotropis<\/em><\/strong> P\u00e9rez, Proc\u00e8s-verbaux de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Linn\u00e9enne de Bordeaux, 57: 68. Type material<\/span>: f(f), “Catalogne” [Spain], MNHN (Paris).-Synonymy in Benoist, 1928d: 108).<\/p>\n

1920 Osmia<\/em> brachyceros<\/em><\/strong> Bl\u00fcthgen, Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 81: 33. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, ff, “M\u00fchlhausen i. Th\u00fcr.” [Germany].-Synonymy in Bl\u00fcthgen (1929: 196).<\/p>\n

1989 Hoplitis (Hoplitis)<\/em> ebmeri<\/em><\/strong> Zanden, Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 53: 83. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Sierra Nevada, W. Velecta, 2850 m” [Spain], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes m, ff.-Synonymy in Warncke (1992a: 112).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>A, B, BY,\u00a0<\/strong>CH, CZ, D, E, E(Ba),\u00a0F<\/span>, F(Co), H, HR?, I, I(Sa), L, MAC?, NL, P, RO, SK, SLO; UA(Crimea)<\/del>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Amiet et al. (2004); Banaszak and Romasenko (2001); Benoist (1931); Medvedeva (1978); M\u00f3cz\u00e1r (1958);\u00a0M\u00fcller (2016); Scheuchl (1996); Warncke (1992a).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>In depressions or surface irregularities of stones, rocks or walls where the brood cells are more or less exposed; in small rock cavities where the cells are hidden. Nests contain 2-8 cells. Nesting material: <\/strong><\/span><\/strong>Brood<\/span>\u00a0c<\/span><\/span>ells and nest plug are made from pebbles cemented together with mud. Exposed cells are finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles; in small stone or rock cavities, the orifice is closed with a layer of mud. (Benoist, 1931;\u00a0Bl\u00fcthgen, 1920; Sedivy et al., 2013b; Stoeckhert, 1933; Westrich, 1989) <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Mesolectic on Fabaceae, Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) and Crassulaceae with a strong preference for Loteae (Amiet et al., 2004;\u00a0Banaszak and Romasenko, 2001; Benoist, 1931; Gogala, 1999; Sedivy et al., 2013a; Westrich, 1989).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) rufimana\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morawitz, 1875)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1875 Osmia rufimana<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Travel to Turkestan by A. P. Fedtschenko, p. 92. Type material<\/span>: m(m), “In valle Sarafschan” [Tajikistan].<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>TJ<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) rufoantennalis<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 2004 <\/span><\/h3>\n

2004 Hoplitis (Alcidemea) rufoantennalis<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29: 535. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Kansu: Lanzhou (36.0\u00b0N, 103.7\u00b0E)” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RC(NO)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on a still unknown host, possibly Scrophulariaceae (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 10 pollen samples from 4 different localities).<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) semilinguaria\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Tkalcu, 1992 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1992 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) semilinguaria<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae (Praha), 56: 218. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, SW Iran, Pol-e-Tang, 60 km NW Andimeshk” [Iran], NMPC (Prague); paratypes ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IR<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known. Note: <\/strong>Male unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) sichuanensis<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1993 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1993 Hoplitis sichuanensis<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region, vol. 2, p. 1395, p. 1419. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Sichuan: Xiangcheng, 3000 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RC(SW)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>stecki<\/em><\/strong> (Frey-Gessner, 1908)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1908 Osmia mucida <\/em>stecki<\/em><\/strong> Frey-Gessner, Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 11: 283. Type material<\/u>: Syntypes m(m), f(f), \u201cGrono im Unter-Misox\u201d [Switzerland], NMBE (Bern).-Synonymy with Hoplitis mucida<\/em> (Dours) in Zanden (1988b: 121), rejected by M\u00fcller et al. (2017). Combination Osmia (Hoplitis) mucida stecki<\/em> Frey-Gessner in Warncke (1992a: 115).<\/p>\n

1919 Osmia<\/em> taorminaensis<\/em><\/strong> Strand, Archiv f\u00fcr Naturgeschichte, 83: 63. Type material<\/u>: Holotype f, \u201cTaormina-Lentini\u201d [Italy: Sicily], DEI (M\u00fcncheberg).-Synonymy with Hoplitis mucida<\/em> (Dours) in Zanden (1986: 67).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:<\/strong> CH<\/u>, E, F, I, I(Si), P.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>Benoist (1931, as Osmia mucida<\/em>); Warncke (1992a); Amiet et al. (2004, as Osmia mucida<\/em>); M\u00fcller et al. (2017).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site: <\/strong>Free-standing, cake-like nests on horizontal stone surfaces measuring in one case 12 cm in length, 7 cm in width and 2.1 cm in height. The nests contain 2-9 brood cells, which are constructed side by side and oriented perpendicular to the stony surface. The females reuse old nests after cleaning the brood cells. In one nest, five females – probably sisters who had eclosed from that nest – each provisioned a brood cell without aggressive interactions, exhibiting a communal behaviour. Before provisioning the brood cell, the females build a ca. 3 mm high lip from mud around the cell opening, the construction of which requires 8-11 flights to collect the material. Immediately after egg laying, the material of this lip is used to close the nest with a first partition, before 11\u201325 flights are made to collect new mud to finally seal the cell. The females need 21-31 foraging bouts to provision a brood cell with pollen and nectar and 7.5-10.5 h to clean, provision and seal one cell. The observation by Le Goff (2005b) that <\/span>H. stecki<\/i> also nests in cavities in rocks needs confirmation. Nesting material:<\/strong> The nests are completely built from mud including small pebbles up to 3 mm in diameter. Nectar (and saliva?) is probably used to moisten the dry nest building material. The females regularly check their closed brood cells and repair any damage. Brood parasites:<\/strong> <\/span>Chrysura simplex<\/i> (Chrysididae), <\/span>Stenomutilla argentata<\/i> (Mutillidae). The females of <\/span>C. simplex<\/i> bite open freshly closed brood cells and seal the cells again after egg laying. (Haeseler, 2025)<\/span><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:<\/strong> Oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (Amiet et al., 2004, as Osmia mucida<\/em>; Benoist, 1931, as Osmia mucida<\/em>; Sedivy et al., 2013a, as Hoplitis mucida<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) strymonia\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Tkalcu, 1999 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1999 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) strymonia<\/strong><\/em> Tkalcu, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de Mulhouse, Janvier-Mars: 12. Type material<\/span>: Holotype f, “Bulgarie m\u00e9r.-occ. Sandanski” [Bulgaria], Tkalcu Collection (Praha); paratypes ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe: <\/strong>ARM, AZ,\u00a0BG<\/span>, GR. Southwestern Asia:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>IR,\u00a0TR.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown. The only two pollen samples available so far (from the same locality) consist of pollen of Fabaceae (e.g. Trifolium<\/em>) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished).
<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) submanicata\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Zanden, 1984 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1984 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) submanicata<\/strong><\/em> Zanden, Reichenbachia (Dresden), 22: 180. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Trapani-Erice” [Italy: Sicily], RMNH (Leiden); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>I(Si)<\/span>. <\/em>Northern Africa:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/del>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2016); Le Divelec (2024).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (A. M\u00fcller, unpublished, based on 4 pollen samples from 3 different localities)<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) subulicornis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Morawitz, 1877)<\/span><\/h3>\n

1877 Osmia subulicornis<\/strong><\/em> Morawitz, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae (St. Petersburg), 14: 42. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, “Nicolajewka” [Armenia], ZIN (St. Petersburg).-Combination Osmia (Acanthosmia) subulicornis<\/em> Morawitz in Schmiedeknecht (1886: 139).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>ARM<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Ducke (1900); Schmiedeknecht (1885-1886). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) sulayr <\/em><\/strong>(Ortiz-Sa<\/span>nchez<\/span>\u00a0& M\u00fcller, 2025<\/span><\/h3>\n

2025 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) sulayr <\/strong><\/em>Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez & M\u00fcller<\/span>, 2025 in Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez et al. (2025)<\/span>, Boletin de la Sociedad Entomol\u00f3gica Aragonesa, <\/span>76: 118.<\/span> Type material<\/span><\/u>: Holotype m, \u201c<\/span>Hoya de Pedraza (Monachil), Sierra Nevada<\/span>\u201d [Spain], CSIC (Madrid); paratypes mm, ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-Europe:\u00a0<\/strong>E<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>M\u00fcller (2025)<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Probably oligolectic on Onosma<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (<\/span>Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez et al., <\/span>2025). <\/span>Both females and males were observed to visit the flowers of\u00a0Onosma tricerosperma.<\/i>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) testaceozonata\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Alfken, 1935) <\/span><\/h3>\n

1935 Osmia testaceozonata<\/strong><\/em> Alfken, Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und \u00dcbersee-Museum in Bremen, 1: 189. Type material<\/span>: Syntypes mm, ff, “Nablus, Jericho” [Palestine], ZMHB (Berlin).<\/p>\n

Distribution-Southwestern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>IL<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Zanden (1991b: 349).<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tibetensis<\/em><\/strong> Wu, 1987 <\/span><\/h3>\n

1987 Hoplitis (Hoplitis) tibetensis<\/strong><\/em> Wu, Acta Entomologica Sinica (Beijing), 30: 447, 449. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “Xizang, Linzhi, 3050 m” [China], IZCAS (Beijing); paratypes mm.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>RC(WP)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>Wu (2006). Note: <\/strong>Female unknown.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Unknown.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em><\/strong>trichodesmae <\/strong><\/em>M\u00fcller, 2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n

2026 <\/span>Hoplitis (Hoplitis) <\/em>trichodesmae <\/i><\/strong>M\u00fcller in M\u00fcller et al., Zootaxa, <\/span>5782: 335. <\/span>Type material<\/span><\/u>: Holotype m, \u201cAl Hair SE Riyadh\u201d [Saudi Arabia], ETHZ (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/span><\/p>\n

Distribution-<\/strong>Southwestern Asia: <\/span><\/strong>IL,<\/span> SA<\/u>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions: <\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nesting biology. <\/strong>Unknown.<\/p>\n

Flower preferences: <\/strong>Oligolectic on Boraginaceae with strong preference for Trichodesma<\/i> (M\u00fcller et al., 2026). <\/span>The females apply buzzing to shake pollen out of the flowers of Trichodesma<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoplitis (Hoplitis) weibeli<\/em><\/strong> M\u00fcller, 2022<\/span><\/h3>\n

2022\u00a0Hoplitis (Hoplitis) weibeli<\/strong><\/em> M\u00fcller, Zootaxa, 5188: 252. Type material<\/span>: Holotype m, “20 km N Tafraoute, 1220 m” [Morocco], ETH (Zurich); paratypes mm, ff.<\/p>\n

Distribution-Northern Asia:\u00a0<\/strong>MA<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Identification-<\/strong>Keys, Descriptions:\u00a0<\/strong>No supplementary or more detailed morphological description known.<\/p>\n

Nesting biology-Nesting site:\u00a0In depressions of rocks where the brood cells are exposed.\u00a0Nesting material:<\/strong>\u00a0Brood\u00a0cells are made from mud and finally covered by a continuous layer of mud and small pebbles. (M\u00fcller, 2022b)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Flower preferences:\u00a0Possibly oligolectic on Echium<\/em> (Boraginaceae) (M\u00fcller, 2022b).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The subgenus Hoplitis\u00a0Klug is confined to the Palaearctic region. It contains 102 described species. The former subgenera Annosmia, Bytinskia and Coloplitis are included here in an enlarged subgenus Hoplitis due to i) polyphyly of Annosmia, ii) close relatedness of the cleptoparasitic Bytinskia species to their Annosmia hosts, iii) occurrence of taxa that are morphologically and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1092,"featured_media":0,"parent":42,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-110","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1092"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7430,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110\/revisions\/7430"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/42"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/osmiini\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}