{"id":1111,"date":"2020-06-26T17:26:32","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T15:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpethzprd.ethz.ch\/energy\/?p=1111"},"modified":"2025-03-27T16:15:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T15:15:06","slug":"jointly-owned-pv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/energy\/jointly-owned-pv\/","title":{"rendered":"Jointly owned PV should be the new solar ownership model \/ Gemeinschaftliches Eigentum: der neue Ansatz f\u00fcr Photovoltaikanlagen in der Nachbarschaft"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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By Danielle Griego<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Danielle just completed her PhD at ETH Zurich in the Chair of Architecture and Building Systems<\/a> and the Chair of Information Architecture<\/a> (April 2020). Danielle\u2019s research explores methods to \u2018Implement community-scale solar PV systems as a sustainable and governable urban common\u2019. This approach incorporates both social and technical methods to promote intelligent utilization of on-site energy generation from distributed PV.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>

Die deutsche Version des Textes finden Sie weiter unten.<\/em>\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00a0<\/h3>

As societies transition from using predominantly centralized energy supply sources to increasing dependency on distributed renewable energy generation, it is no longer enough to singularly focus on energy efficiency. In particular, the time sensitivity of electricity generated from solar and wind must also become an integral part of future electric consumption behavior patterns. In this article, I outline how joint ownership of community-scale PV systems have vast potential to establish long-term and intelligent electricity consumption behavior patterns among co-owners.<\/h3>
\u00a0<\/div>

Why focus on distributed solar PV?<\/h3>

Distributed energy generation from PV is projected to be an important avenue to supply clean and safe energy. However, more PV is not necessarily better. The intermittent nature of renewable energy supply from solar PV may cause unforeseen grid congestion such as those experienced in California from the rapid adoption of grid-tied distributed PV systems.This has caused what is famously called the `duck’ curve.<\/a>\u00a0This is caused by the large differential between the midday energy balance (when grid-tied solar PV is fed to the grid) and the evening energy balance (less solar PV and increased energy demands).<\/span><\/p>

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Figure 1: Typical spring day electric net-load demand profile from measured data for 2013-2019 forming what is known as the California `duck’ curve. This illustrates the steep ramp-up period in the evening to meet peak demands as grid-tied solar PV generation decreases. Image source:<\/a> IEA, The California Duck Curve, IEA, Paris<\/em><\/p>

Electricity supplied from PV is also an integral part of the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050<\/a>. Current projections for PV integration in Switzerland by 2050 are in the range of 8 -14 TWh<\/a>. Most of the additional PV installations are expected to be roof-top systems. There are similar concerns for grid instability with respect to peak periods of excess electricity supplied to the grid in Switzerland<\/a>, which will require energy storage as well as demand side management strategies to maintain stability of the Swiss grid.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

The transition to intelligent use of distributed solar<\/h3>

To successfully utilize electricity generated from solar PV, it becomes critical for building occupants to actively participate in the energy transition. Switzerland has started addressing this by promoting self-consumption of on-site energy generation<\/a>. Self-consumption is the electricity consumed which is directly produced from a local PV system. However, for individual PV system owners, the money saved from peak-shaving or load-shifting to increase self-consumption, are often not <\/a>enough to change consumption behavior.<\/p>

Furthermore, a study with a local utility including 8702 households discovered that the perceived savings from time of use (TOU) pricing schemes are more important than the actual cost savings<\/a>. This study indicates that it might be easier to focus on a behavioral heuristic instead of the cost savings. For example, electricity from on-site PV could be framed as `free electricity’ and excess PV production could be framed as being `wasted to the grid’.<\/span><\/p>

Further, the community context also adds an important element for individuals to act according to the established sustainability culture. One particular study explored the impact of community strategies for energy efficiency and indicates that the community context improved actual savings.<\/a> Even though the energy savings did not extend beyond the length of the study, it indicates the value of community accountability. However the question remains, \u201cwhat maintains engagement over time?\u201d<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Maintaining engagement through joint-ownership of community-scale PV systems<\/h3>

Theory<\/a> suggests that the solution to long-term sustainable consumption behavior could be achieved by coordinating individuals to collectively utilize shared resources. However, the resource should be directly tangible and end-users should have a shared economic dependency on the resource production. The joint strategy should also be more attractive than the individual strategy; fortunately for PV, there are notable economic benefits of scale<\/a>. Therefore, joint investment in community PV systems could both create an economic incentive and serve as an active commitment for the life of the system.<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

Figure 2: Overview illustrating key characteristics of grid-tied community PV systems for long-term sustainable consumption.<\/em><\/p>

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>

Furthermore, the community should also collectively set goals for how the electricity from PV is consumed. The community-specific goals should incorporate the time-sensitivity of electricity produced from the PV system. This includes a strategy to optimize hours of self-consumption and objectives to meet annual payback targets.<\/span><\/p>

In order to track these goals, communities should also implement an easy-to-use energy management system and connected IOT system with measured tenant-level and aggregate values. For example, individuals could receive a self-consumption ‘score’ which does not provide detailed information about individual daily consumption profiles. This could avoid privacy concerns,<\/span> identified in a previous community energy efficiency study<\/a>.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

How are these recommendations integrated into the existing community PV systems in Switzerland?<\/h3>

At the Federal level, specific guidelines to facilitate a group of buildings to form a merger for self-consumption (Zusammenschluss zum Eigenverbrauch (ZEV)<\/a> in German) were developed in early 2018, and updated most recently in December 2019. One of the basic requirements for a self-consumption community to qualify as an official ZEV is that the building portfolio must only have a single point of measurement with the local electric utility (Art. 18 EnG). This is a critical step, because the members of the ZEV must now develop their own strategy to share the cost of electricity consumption and production. In other words, there is an incentive for these groups to interact and collaborate.<\/p>

However, within the ZEV model, there are still limitations which can also inhibit collaboration among the end-users depending on the ownership model. For example, the ZEV guidelines provide separate intra-community recommendations for joint and single ownership:<\/span><\/p>

Joint ownership.<\/span><\/i> The inherent collective nature of the ZEV joint-ownership approach already satisfies the initial criteria for long-term commitment. It also encourages owners to develop a strategy to share the electricity production and associated costs. However, there is no indication that such ZEV\u2019s have an energy management platform where they can jointly monitor their use of their free electricity production.<\/span><\/p>

Single ownership<\/i>\u00a0(landlord with multiple tenants). For the single owner-tenant model, there is very little incentive for the individual tenants to use the resource during peak production as the cost of solar electricity is on par with the grid price or only slightly lower<\/a>. In other words, tenants are not economically dependent on the electricity production and therefore have no real incentive to consume on-site electricity.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Policies should foster joint ownership for PV<\/h3>

In summary, the ZEV minimizes simultaneous mass PV electricity production that is fed into the grid through simple load aggregation (partially reducing the potential `duck-curve’ issue). However, there should be greater incentives for jointly owned ZEV\u2019s in order to encourage greater citizen participation and active commitment to renewable energy. There should also be a greater focus on the collective energy management systems integrated into these communities. Together, I believe these have the potential to maintain user engagement for sustainable consumption behaviour over time. Policy makers should therefore prioritise financial incentives for jointly owned PV systems. Technology and service providers would then be wise to develop IOT platforms for collectively managed electricity production and consumption.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Cover photo acquired from Smart Energy Link<\/a><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Keep up with the Energy Blog @ ETH Zurich on Twitter @eth_energy_blog<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>

Suggested citation: Griego, Danielle. \u201cJointly owned PV should be the new solar ownership model<\/span>“<\/span>, Energy Blog, ETH Zurich,\u00a0 June 26, 2020, https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/energy\/jointly-owned-pv\/<\/a><\/i><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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If you are part of ETH Zurich, we invite you to contribute with your findings and your opinions to make this space a dynamic and relevant outlet for energy insights and debates. Find out how you can contribute<\/a> and contact the editorial team here<\/a> to pitch an article idea!\n<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gemeinschaftliches Eigentum: der neue Ansatz f\u00fcr Photovoltaikanlagen in der Nachbarschaft<\/h1>

Mit dem zunehmenden Wandel von einer zentralisierten zu einer dezentraler Energieversorgung reicht es nicht mehr aus, sich nur auf m\u00f6glichst energieeffiziente Systeme zu konzentrieren. Statt dessen m\u00fcssen auch regenerative Energien und somit der Zeitpunkt? des aus Sonne und Wind erzeugten Stroms zu einem integralen Bestandteil des zuk\u00fcnftigen Verbrauchsverhaltens werden. In diesem Artikel skizziere ich, wie das gemeinschaftliche Eigentum von PV-Anlagen im nachbarschaftlichen Massstab ein enormes Potenzial zur Etablierung langfristiger und intelligenter Verbrauchsverhalten hat.<\/h3>
\u00a0<\/div>

Warum sich auf verteilte Solar-PV konzentrieren?<\/h3>

Die dezentrale Energieerzeugung aus Photovoltaik (PV) wird ein zentraler Bestandteil der zuk\u00fcnftigen Energieversorgung sein, um saubere und sichere Energie liefern zu k\u00f6nnen. Das Wachstum von PV bringt jedoch auch Schwierigkeiten mit sich. Der mit der Sonneneinstrahlung schwankende Charakter von Photovoltaikstrom kann zu unvorhergesehenen Netz\u00fcberlastungen f\u00fchren, wie dies z.B. in Kalifornien durch die rasche Einf\u00fchrung netzgebundener PV-Anlagen geschah. Dies <\/a>hat<\/a> die ber\u00fchmte sogenannte “Enten-Kurve” verursacht<\/a>, die eine Absenkung des Strombedarfs \u00fcber den Tag und damit verbunden einen starken Anstieg des Strombedarfs bei Sonnenuntergang illustriert.<\/p>

\"\"<\/p>

Abbildung 1: Typisches Netzlast-Nachfrageprofil f\u00fcr einen Fr\u00fchlingstag aus Messdaten f\u00fcr 2013-2019, die die so genannte “Enten-Kurve” in Kalifornien hervorrufen. Sie veranschaulicht die steile Anstiegsphase am Abend zur Deckung des Spitzenbedarfs bei abnehmender netzgebundener PV-Solarstromerzeugung. Bildquelle:<\/a> IEA, The California Duck Curve, IEA, Paris<\/em><\/p>

Die Stromversorgung mit PV ist auch ein integraler Bestandteil der Schweizer Energiestrategie 2050<\/a>. Die aktuellen Prognosen f\u00fcr die PV-Integration in der Schweiz bis 2050 liegen im Bereich von 8 -14 TWh<\/a>. Die meisten der zus\u00e4tzlichen PV-Anlagenwerden voraussichtlich auf Geb\u00e4uded\u00e4chern installiert werden. \u00c4hnliche Bedenken wie in Kalifornien gibt es hinsichtlich der Netzinstabilit\u00e4t deshalb auch in der Schweiz<\/a>. In Spitzenzeiten wird es daher zus\u00e4tzliche\u00a0 Speicherm\u00f6glichkeiten und verbraucherseitige Laststeuerung geben m\u00fcssen um die Netzstabilit\u00e4t gew\u00e4hrleisten zu k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Der \u00dcbergang zur intelligenten Nutzung dezentraler Solarenergie<\/h3>

F\u00fcr die erfolgreiche Nutzung von PV-Strom ist es f\u00fcr Geb\u00e4udenutzer von entscheidender Bedeutung, sich aktiv an der Energiewende zu beteiligen. Die Schweiz hat damit begonnen, dieses Problem anzugehen, indem sie Eigenverbrauch<\/a> f\u00f6rdert. Unter Eigenverbrauch versteht man den verbrauchten Strom, der direkt von der eigenen PV-Anlage stammt. F\u00fcr den einzelnen Eigent\u00fcmer einer PV-Anlage reichen die finanziellen Anreize allerdings nicht aus, um den Eigenverbrauchsanteil durch das \u201cBrechen\u201d von Verbrauchsspitzen und Verlagern des Stromverbrauchs\u00a0 zu \u00e4ndern<\/a>.<\/p>

Eine gemeinsame Studie mit einem lokalen schweizer Energieversorgungsunternehmen sowie 8\u2019702 Haushalten ergab sogar, dass die vom Nutzer wahrgenommenen Energieeinsparungen <\/a>bei einer zeitabh\u00e4ngigen Tarifgestaltung wichtiger sind als die tats\u00e4chlichen Kosteneinsparungen<\/a>. Laut dieser Studie k\u00f6nnte es also einfacher sein, sich auf Verhaltensmuster statt auf Kosteneinsparungen zu konzentrieren um das Nutzerverhalten zu ver\u00e4ndern. So k\u00f6nnte z.B. Strom aus der eigenen PV-Anlage als “kostenloser Strom” und \u00fcbersch\u00fcssige PV-Produktion als “ins Netz eingespeiste Verschwendung” konzipiert werden.<\/p>

Dar\u00fcber hinaus spielt der Kontext der Gemeinschaft eine wichtige Rolle. Einzelpersonen in einer Gemeinschaft sind motivierter, entsprechend der etablierten Nachhaltigkeitskultur zu handeln. Eine Studie untersuchte die Auswirkungen gemeinschaftlich organisierter Strategien zur Erh\u00f6hung der\u00a0 Energieeffizienz und fand heraus, dass der gemeinschaftliche Kontext die tats\u00e4chlichen Einsparungen verbesserte<\/a>. Auch wenn die Energieeinsparungen nicht \u00fcber die Dauerder Studie hinausgingen, zeigt dies, wie wichtig die Rechenschaftspflicht der Gemeinschaft gegen\u00fcber ist. Allerdings bleibt die Frage offen, wie das erh\u00f6hte Engagement \u00fcber die Zeit aufrechterhalten werden kann.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Aufrechterhaltung des Engagements durch Miteigentum von PV-Anlagen<\/h3>

Die Theorie<\/a> legt nahe, dass die L\u00f6sung f\u00fcr ein langfristig nachhaltiges Konsumverhalten durch die Koordination von Einzelpersonen zur kollektiven Nutzung gemeinsamer Ressourcen erreicht werden k\u00f6nnte. Daf\u00fcr sollte die Ressource direkt greifbar sein und alle Einzelpersonen sollten eine gemeinsame wirtschaftliche Abh\u00e4ngigkeit vom Ertrag der Ressource haben. Die gemeinsame Strategie sollte zudem attraktiver sein als die individuelle Strategie. Gl\u00fccklicherweise gibt es f\u00fcr die Photovoltaik erhebliche wirtschaftliche Skalenvorteile<\/a>, die \u00fcber\u00a0 gemeinschaftliche Investitionen in PV-Anlagen sowohl wirtschaftliche Anreize schaffen als auch daf\u00fcr sorgen, dass das Engagement \u00fcber die Lebensdauer des Systems aufrecht erhalten wird.<\/p>

\"\"Abbildung 2: \u00dcbersicht zur Veranschaulichung der Hauptmerkmale netzgekoppelter gemeinschaftlicher PV-Anlagen f\u00fcr einen langfristig nachhaltigen Verbrauch.<\/em><\/p>

Dar\u00fcber hinaus sollte die Gemeinschaft auch gemeinsame Ziele f\u00fcr den Verbrauch von PV-Strom festlegen. Diese spezifischen Ziele sollten die Zeitabh\u00e4ngigkeit des aus der PV-Anlage erzeugten Stroms ber\u00fccksichtigen. Dazu geh\u00f6ren auch eine Strategie zur Erh\u00f6hung des Eigenverbrauchs und Massnahmen zur Erreichung der j\u00e4hrlichen Amortisationsziele.<\/p>

Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, sollte die Gemeinschaft auch ein einfach zu handhabendes Energiemanagementsystem und ein angeschlossenes IOT-System (internet of things)\u00a0 mit gemessenen Werten auf Nutzerebene und auf aggregierter Ebene implementieren. Einzelpersonen k\u00f6nnten z.B. eine “Punktzahl” f\u00fcr den Eigenverbrauch erhalten, die keine detaillierten Informationen \u00fcber individuelle t\u00e4gliche Verbrauchsprofile liefert. Auf diese Weise k\u00f6nnten Datenschutzbedenken vermieden werden, die in einer Energieeffizienz-Studie zu gemeinschaftliche Systemen festgestellt wurden<\/a>.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Wie sind diese Empfehlungen in die bestehenden Zusammenschl\u00fcsse zum Eigenverbrauch in der Schweiz integriert?<\/h3>

Auf Bundesebene wurden Anfang 2018 spezifische Richtlinien zur Erleichterung des Zusammenschlusses <\/a>zum <\/a>Eigenverbrauch (ZEV)<\/a> entwickelt und zuletzt im Dezember 2019 aktualisiert. Eine der Grundvoraussetzungen f\u00fcr eine Gemeinschaft mit Eigenverbrauch, um sich als offizielle ZEV zu qualifizieren, ist, dass der Geb\u00e4udebestand nur einen einzigen Messpunkt mit dem \u00f6rtlichen Stromversorgungsunternehmen haben darf (Art. 18 EnG). Dies ist ein wichtiger Schritt, da die Mitglieder der ZEV nun ihre eigene Strategie entwickeln m\u00fcssen, um die Kosten f\u00fcr den Stromverbrauch und die Stromerzeugung zu teilen. Somit wurde ein Anreiz zur Interaktion und zur Zusammenarbeit geschaffen.<\/p>

Innerhalb des ZEV-Modells gibt es jedoch auch Einschr\u00e4nkungen, die je nach Eigentumsmodell die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Nutzern behindern k\u00f6nnen. Beispielsweise enthalten die ZEV-Richtlinien separate Empfehlungen f\u00fcr gemeinschaftliches und einzelnes Eigentum:<\/p>

Gemeinschaftliches Eigentum:<\/em> der kollektive Charakter des Ansatzes der ZEV zum Gemeinschaftseigentum erf\u00fcllt die ersten Kriterien f\u00fcr ein langfristiges Engagement: Er ermutigt die Eigent\u00fcmer zur Entwicklung einer Strategie zur Aufteilung der Stromproduktion und der damit verbundenen Kosten. Es gibt jedoch keinen Hinweis darauf, dass solche ZEVs \u00fcber eine Energiemanagement-Plattform verf\u00fcgen, auf der sie gemeinsam die Nutzung ihrer kostenlosen Stromerzeugung \u00fcberwachen k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>

Einzeleigent\u00fcmer (Vermieter mit mehreren Mietern):<\/em> Beim Einzeleigent\u00fcmer-Mieter-Modell besteht f\u00fcr die einzelnen Mieter nur ein sehr geringer Anreiz, die Ressource w\u00e4hrend der Spitzenproduktion zu nutzen, da die Kosten f\u00fcr Solarstrom dem Netzpreis entsprechen oder nur geringf\u00fcgig darunter liegen<\/a>. Mit anderen Worten, die Mieter sind wirtschaftlich nicht von der Stromproduktion abh\u00e4ngig und haben daher keinen wirklichen Anreiz, Strom vor Ort zu verbrauchen.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Richtlinien sollten das gemeinsame Eigentum f\u00fcr PV f\u00f6rdern\u00a0<\/h3>

Zusammenfassend l\u00e4sst sich sagen, dass ZEVs die gleichzeitige Massenproduktion von PV-Strom, der Netz eingespeist wird, durch Lastaggregation minimieren (wodurch das Problem der “Enten-Kurve” teilweise reduziert wird). Da die M\u00f6glichkeiten der Lastaggregation weitestgehend ausgesch\u00f6pft sind, sollte der Schwerpunkt jedoch auch auf Anreize f\u00fcr gemeinschaftliche Eigentumsmodelle gelegt werden, um das Commitment und Engagement der Nutzer f\u00fcr erneuerbare Energien zu f\u00f6rdern. Zudem sollte den gemeinschaftlich organisierten Energiemanagementsystemen mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden. Zusammen haben gemeinschaftlichen Eigentumsmodelle und gemeinschaftlich organisierten Energiemanagmentsysteme das Potenzial, das Engagement der Nutzer f\u00fcr nachhaltiges Konsumverhalten zu verbessern und \u00fcber die Zeit hinweg aufrechtzuerhalten. Politische Entscheidungstr\u00e4ger sollten daher finanziellen Anreizen f\u00fcr PV-Anlagen in Gemeinschaftsbesitz Vorrang einr\u00e4umen. Technologie- und Dienstleistungsanbieter w\u00e4ren dann gut beraten, IOT-Plattformen f\u00fcr kollektiv verwaltete Stromerzeugung und -verbrauch zu entwickeln.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bleiben Sie auf dem Laufenden beim Energy Blog @ ETH Z\u00fcrich auf Twitter<\/em>\u00a0@eth_energy_blog<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>

Empfohlene Zitierweise<\/em>: Griego, Danielle. \u201cGemeinschaftliches Eigentum: der neue Ansatz f\u00fcr Photovoltaikanlagen in der Nachbarschaft<\/i><\/em>“<\/span>, Energy Blog, ETH Zurich,\u00a0 June 26, 2020, https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/energy\/jointly-owned-pv\/<\/a><\/i><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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If you are part of ETH Zurich, we invite you to contribute with your findings and your opinions to make this space a dynamic and relevant outlet for energy insights and debates. Find out how you can contribute<\/a> and contact the editorial team here<\/a> to pitch an article idea!\n<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTwitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEnvelope<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As societies transition from using predominantly centralized energy supply sources to increasing dependency on distributed renewable energy generation, it is no longer enough to singularly focus on energy efficiency. In particular, the time sensitivity of electricity generated from solar and wind must also become an integral part of future electric consumption behavior patterns. In this article, I outline how joint ownership of community-scale PV systems have vast potential to establish long-term and intelligent electricity consumption behavior patterns among co-owners.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46114,"featured_media":1114,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[264264],"tags":[264264],"class_list":["post-1111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-renewable-energy","tag-renewable-energy"],"yoast_head":"\nJointly owned PV should be the new solar ownership model \/ Gemeinschaftliches Eigentum: der neue Ansatz f\u00fcr Photovoltaikanlagen in der Nachbarschaft - Energy Blog @ ETH Zurich<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As societies transition from using predominantly centralized energy supply sources to increasing dependency on distributed renewable energy generation, it is no longer enough to singularly focus on energy efficiency. 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